work <--> index <---> repo <===> remote
【比较】
#git diff //work & index
#git diff --cached //index & repo
#git diff --HEAD //work & index & repo
【提交/复位】
#git commmit //
#git cmmmit --amend //修复已经push
#git reset // affect index
#git reset HAED^ //同上
#git reset --soft HEAD^ //重置引用
#git reset --hard HEAD^ //引用,work, index