查找linux的uevent节点(find /sys -name uevent),大概有1000多个,那这些节点是怎么实现的呢。
drivers/base/core.c
有如下代码,每创建一个device,都会创建一个event节点
static ssize_t uevent_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,char *buf)
{
...
retval = kset->uevent_ops->uevent(kset, &dev->kobj, env);
...
}
static ssize_t uevent_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,const char *buf, size_t count)
{
}
static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(uevent);
int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
...
device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);
...
}
来个demo看下
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
static struct class *demo_class;
static struct cdev demo_cdev;
dev_t demo_number = 0;
int demo_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations demo_nod_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = demo_open,
};
int demo_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
{
int ret = 0;
char *p="aaa";
char *q="bbb";
ret = add_uevent_var(env, "demo_NAME=%s",p);
ret = add_uevent_var(env, "demo_NAME=%s",q);
return ret;
}
static int __init example_init(void)
{
int ret;
demo_number=MKDEV(0,0);
ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&demo_number,0,1,"6");
if(ret<0)
{
printk("alloc chardev region err\n");
return ret;
}
cdev_init(&demo_cdev,&demo_nod_fops);
demo_cdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
ret=cdev_add(&demo_cdev,demo_number,1);
if(ret<0)
{
printk("add demo cdev err!\n");
return ret;
}
demo_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"demo");
if(IS_ERR(demo_class))
{
printk("create demo class err!\n");
return -1;
}
device_create(demo_class,NULL,demo_number,NULL,"66");
demo_class->dev_uevent = demo_uevent;
return 0;
}
static void __exit example_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&demo_cdev);
device_destroy(demo_class,demo_number);
unregister_chrdev_region(demo_number, 1);
class_destroy(demo_class);
}
module_init(example_init);
module_exit(example_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>");
在代码中,还会看到通过uevent给上层发信息,如
电量变化,插拔充电器
static void power_supply_changed_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
...
kobject_uevent(&psy->dev.kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE);
...
}
int kobject_uevent(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action)
{
return kobject_uevent_env(kobj, action, NULL);
}
int kobject_uevent_env(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action,char *envp_ext[])
{
...
#if defined(CONFIG_NET)
/* send netlink message */
list_for_each_entry(ue_sk, &uevent_sock_list, list) {
struct sock *uevent_sock = ue_sk->sk;
struct sk_buff *skb;
size_t len;
if (!netlink_has_listeners(uevent_sock, 1))
continue;
/* allocate message with the maximum possible size */
len = strlen(action_string) + strlen(devpath) + 2;
skb = alloc_skb(len + env->buflen, GFP_KERNEL);
if (skb) {
char *scratch;
/* add header */
scratch = skb_put(skb, len);
sprintf(scratch, "%s@%s", action_string, devpath);
/* copy keys to our continuous event payload buffer */
for (i = 0; i < env->envp_idx; i++) {
len = strlen(env->envp[i]) + 1;
scratch = skb_put(skb, len);
strcpy(scratch, env->envp[i]);
}
NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = 1;
retval = netlink_broadcast_filtered(uevent_sock, skb,
0, 1, GFP_KERNEL,
kobj_bcast_filter,
kobj);
/* ENOBUFS should be handled in userspace */
if (retval == -ENOBUFS || retval == -ESRCH)
retval = 0;
} else
retval = -ENOMEM;
}
#endif
...
}
来个demo看下
/*
* Sample kset and ktype implementation
*
* Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
* Copyright (C) 2007 Novell Inc.
*
* Released under the GPL version 2 only.
*
*/
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
/*
* This module shows how to create a kset in sysfs called
* /sys/kernel/kset-example
* Then tree kobjects are created and assigned to this kset, "foo", "baz",
* and "bar". In those kobjects, attributes of the same name are also
* created and if an integer is written to these files, it can be later
* read out of it.
*/
/*
* This is our "object" that we will create a few of and register them with
* sysfs.
*/
struct foo_obj {
struct kobject kobj;
int bar;
int baz;
};
#define to_foo_obj(x) container_of(x, struct foo_obj, kobj)
/* a custom attribute that works just for a struct foo_obj. */
struct foo_attribute {
struct attribute attr;
ssize_t (*show)(struct foo_obj *foo, struct foo_attribute *attr, char *buf);
ssize_t (*store)(struct foo_obj *foo, struct foo_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count);
};
#define to_foo_attr(x) container_of(x, struct foo_attribute, attr)
/*
* The default show function that must be passed to sysfs. This will be
* called by sysfs for whenever a show function is called by the user on a
* sysfs file associated with the kobjects we have registered. We need to
* transpose back from a "default" kobject to our custom struct foo_obj and
* then call the show function for that specific object.
*/
static ssize_t attr_show(struct kobject *kobj,struct attribute *attr,char *buf)
{
struct foo_attribute *attribute;
struct foo_obj *foo;
attribute = to_foo_attr(attr);
foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
if (!attribute->show)
return -EIO;
return attribute->show(foo, attribute, buf);
}
/*
* Just like the default show function above, but this one is for when the
* sysfs "store" is requested (when a value is written to a file.)
*/
static ssize_t attr_store(struct kobject *kobj,struct attribute *attr,const char *buf, size_t len)
{
struct foo_attribute *attribute;
struct foo_obj *foo;
attribute = to_foo_attr(attr);
foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
if (!attribute->store)
return -EIO;
return attribute->store(foo, attribute, buf, len);
}
/* Our custom sysfs_ops that we will associate with our ktype later on */
static const struct sysfs_ops sysfs_ops = {
.show = attr_show,
.store = attr_store,
};
/*
* The release function for our object. This is REQUIRED by the kernel to
* have. We free the memory held in our object here.
*
* NEVER try to get away with just a "blank" release function to try to be
* smarter than the kernel. Turns out, no one ever is...
*/
static void release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
struct foo_obj *foo;
foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
kfree(foo);
}
static ssize_t bar_show(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", foo_obj->bar);
}
static ssize_t bar_store(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int ret;
ret = kstrtoint(buf, 10, &foo_obj->bar);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
return count;
}
static ssize_t baz_show(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", foo_obj->baz);
}
static ssize_t baz_store(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int ret;
ret = kstrtoint(buf, 10, &foo_obj->baz);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
return count;
}
static struct foo_attribute bar_attribute =__ATTR(bar, 0664, bar_show, bar_store);
static struct foo_attribute baz_attribute =__ATTR(baz, 0664, baz_show, baz_store);
/*
* Create a group of attributes so that we can create and destroy them all
* at once.
*/
static struct attribute *default_attrs[] = {
&bar_attribute.attr,
&baz_attribute.attr,
NULL, /* need to NULL terminate the list of attributes */
};
/*
* Our own ktype for our kobjects. Here we specify our sysfs ops, the
* release function, and the set of default attributes we want created
* whenever a kobject of this type is registered with the kernel.
*/
static struct kobj_type ktype = {
.sysfs_ops = &sysfs_ops,
.release = release,
.default_attrs = default_attrs,
};
static struct kset *example_kset;
static struct foo_obj *bar_obj;
static struct foo_obj *baz_obj;
static struct foo_obj *create_foo_obj(const char *name)
{
struct foo_obj *foo;
int retval;
/* allocate the memory for the whole object */
foo = kzalloc(sizeof(*foo), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!foo)
return NULL;
/*
* As we have a kset for this kobject, we need to set it before calling
* the kobject core.
*/
foo->kobj.kset = example_kset;
/*
* Initialize and add the kobject to the kernel. All the default files
* will be created here. As we have already specified a kset for this
* kobject, we don't have to set a parent for the kobject, the kobject
* will be placed beneath that kset automatically.
*/
retval = kobject_init_and_add(&foo->kobj, &ktype, NULL, "%s", name);
if (retval) {
kobject_put(&foo->kobj);
return NULL;
}
/*
* We are always responsible for sending the uevent that the kobject
* was added to the system.
*/
kobject_uevent(&foo->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
return foo;
}
static void destroy_foo_obj(struct foo_obj *foo)
{
kobject_put(&foo->kobj);
}
static int __init example_init(void)
{
/*
* Create a kset with the name of "kset_example",
* located under /sys/kernel/
*/
example_kset = kset_create_and_add("kset_example", NULL, kernel_kobj);
if (!example_kset)
return -ENOMEM;
bar_obj = create_foo_obj("bar");
if (!bar_obj)
goto bar_error;
baz_obj = create_foo_obj("baz");
if (!baz_obj)
goto baz_error;
return 0;
baz_error:
destroy_foo_obj(bar_obj);
bar_error:
kset_unregister(example_kset);
return -EINVAL;
}
static void __exit example_exit(void)
{
destroy_foo_obj(baz_obj);
destroy_foo_obj(bar_obj);
kset_unregister(example_kset);
}
module_init(example_init);
module_exit(example_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>");
应用层监听
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
void MonitorNetlinkUevent()
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_nl sa;
int len;
char buf[4096];
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg;
int i;
memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
sa.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
sa.nl_groups = NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT;
sa.nl_pid = 0; //getpid(); both is ok
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
iov.iov_len = sizeof(buf);
msg.msg_name = (void *)&sa;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(sa);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
sockfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT);
if (sockfd == -1)
printf("socket creating failed:%s\n", strerror(errno));
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) == -1)
printf("bind error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
len = recvmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
if (len < 0)
printf("receive error\n");
else if (len < 32 || len > sizeof(buf))
printf("invalid message");
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
if (*(buf + i) == '\0')
buf[i] = '\n';
printf("received %d bytes\n%s\n", len, buf);
close(sockfd);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
printf("***********************start***********************\n");
MonitorNetlinkUevent();
printf("***********************ends************************\n");
return 0;
}
运行结果