Linux下的uevent

查找linux的uevent节点(find /sys -name uevent)，大概有1000多个，那这些节点是怎么实现的呢。

 

 drivers/base/core.c

有如下代码，每创建一个device，都会创建一个event节点

static ssize_t uevent_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,char *buf)
{
	...
	retval = kset->uevent_ops->uevent(kset, &dev->kobj, env);
	...	
}

static ssize_t uevent_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	
}
static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(uevent);

int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
	...
	device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);
	...
}

来个demo看下

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

static struct class *demo_class;
static struct cdev demo_cdev;
dev_t demo_number = 0;
int demo_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    return 0;
}

static  struct file_operations demo_nod_fops =
{
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .open  = demo_open,
};

int demo_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
{
	int ret = 0;
	char *p="aaa";
	char *q="bbb";

	ret = add_uevent_var(env, "demo_NAME=%s",p);
	ret = add_uevent_var(env, "demo_NAME=%s",q);

	return ret;
}

static int __init example_init(void)
{
    	int ret;

	demo_number=MKDEV(0,0);
	ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&demo_number,0,1,"6");
	if(ret<0)
	{
		printk("alloc chardev region err\n");
	 	return ret;
	}
	cdev_init(&demo_cdev,&demo_nod_fops);
	demo_cdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
	ret=cdev_add(&demo_cdev,demo_number,1);
	if(ret<0)
	{
		printk("add demo cdev err!\n");
		return ret;
	}
	demo_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"demo");
	if(IS_ERR(demo_class))
	{
		printk("create demo class err!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	device_create(demo_class,NULL,demo_number,NULL,"66"); 
	demo_class->dev_uevent = demo_uevent;
	return 0;
}

static void __exit example_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&demo_cdev);
	device_destroy(demo_class,demo_number);
	unregister_chrdev_region(demo_number, 1);
   	class_destroy(demo_class);
}

module_init(example_init);
module_exit(example_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>");

 在代码中，还会看到通过uevent给上层发信息，如

电量变化，插拔充电器

static void power_supply_changed_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
...
kobject_uevent(&psy->dev.kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE);
...
}

int kobject_uevent(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action)
{
	return kobject_uevent_env(kobj, action, NULL);
}

int kobject_uevent_env(struct kobject *kobj, enum kobject_action action,char *envp_ext[])
{
...
#if defined(CONFIG_NET)
	/* send netlink message */
	list_for_each_entry(ue_sk, &uevent_sock_list, list) {
		struct sock *uevent_sock = ue_sk->sk;
		struct sk_buff *skb;
		size_t len;

		if (!netlink_has_listeners(uevent_sock, 1))
			continue;

		/* allocate message with the maximum possible size */
		len = strlen(action_string) + strlen(devpath) + 2;
		skb = alloc_skb(len + env->buflen, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (skb) {
			char *scratch;

			/* add header */
			scratch = skb_put(skb, len);
			sprintf(scratch, "%s@%s", action_string, devpath);

			/* copy keys to our continuous event payload buffer */
			for (i = 0; i < env->envp_idx; i++) {
				len = strlen(env->envp[i]) + 1;
				scratch = skb_put(skb, len);
				strcpy(scratch, env->envp[i]);
			}

			NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = 1;
			retval = netlink_broadcast_filtered(uevent_sock, skb,
							    0, 1, GFP_KERNEL,
							    kobj_bcast_filter,
							    kobj);
			/* ENOBUFS should be handled in userspace */
			if (retval == -ENOBUFS || retval == -ESRCH)
				retval = 0;
		} else
			retval = -ENOMEM;
	}
#endif
...
}

来个demo看下

/*
 * Sample kset and ktype implementation
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2007 Novell Inc.
 *
 * Released under the GPL version 2 only.
 *
 */
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>

/*
 * This module shows how to create a kset in sysfs called
 * /sys/kernel/kset-example
 * Then tree kobjects are created and assigned to this kset, "foo", "baz",
 * and "bar".  In those kobjects, attributes of the same name are also
 * created and if an integer is written to these files, it can be later
 * read out of it.
 */


/*
 * This is our "object" that we will create a few of and register them with
 * sysfs.
 */
struct foo_obj {
	struct kobject kobj;
	int bar;
	int baz;
};
#define to_foo_obj(x) container_of(x, struct foo_obj, kobj)

/* a custom attribute that works just for a struct foo_obj. */
struct foo_attribute {
	struct attribute attr;
	ssize_t (*show)(struct foo_obj *foo, struct foo_attribute *attr, char *buf);
	ssize_t (*store)(struct foo_obj *foo, struct foo_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count);
};
#define to_foo_attr(x) container_of(x, struct foo_attribute, attr)

/*
 * The default show function that must be passed to sysfs.  This will be
 * called by sysfs for whenever a show function is called by the user on a
 * sysfs file associated with the kobjects we have registered.  We need to
 * transpose back from a "default" kobject to our custom struct foo_obj and
 * then call the show function for that specific object.
 */
static ssize_t attr_show(struct kobject *kobj,struct attribute *attr,char *buf)
{
	struct foo_attribute *attribute;
	struct foo_obj *foo;

	attribute = to_foo_attr(attr);
	foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);

	if (!attribute->show)
		return -EIO;

	return attribute->show(foo, attribute, buf);
}

/*
 * Just like the default show function above, but this one is for when the
 * sysfs "store" is requested (when a value is written to a file.)
 */
static ssize_t attr_store(struct kobject *kobj,struct attribute *attr,const char *buf, size_t len)
{
	struct foo_attribute *attribute;
	struct foo_obj *foo;

	attribute = to_foo_attr(attr);
	foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);

	if (!attribute->store)
		return -EIO;

	return attribute->store(foo, attribute, buf, len);
}

/* Our custom sysfs_ops that we will associate with our ktype later on */
static const struct sysfs_ops sysfs_ops = {
	.show = attr_show,
	.store = attr_store,
};

/*
 * The release function for our object.  This is REQUIRED by the kernel to
 * have.  We free the memory held in our object here.
 *
 * NEVER try to get away with just a "blank" release function to try to be
 * smarter than the kernel.  Turns out, no one ever is...
 */
static void release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
	struct foo_obj *foo;

	foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
	kfree(foo);
}


static ssize_t bar_show(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", foo_obj->bar);
}

static ssize_t bar_store(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	int ret;

	ret = kstrtoint(buf, 10, &foo_obj->bar);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	return count;	
}

static ssize_t baz_show(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
			char *buf)
{
	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", foo_obj->baz);
}

static ssize_t baz_store(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
			 const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	int ret;

	ret = kstrtoint(buf, 10, &foo_obj->baz);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	return count;
}

static struct foo_attribute bar_attribute =__ATTR(bar, 0664, bar_show, bar_store);
static struct foo_attribute baz_attribute =__ATTR(baz, 0664, baz_show, baz_store);

/*
 * Create a group of attributes so that we can create and destroy them all
 * at once.
 */
static struct attribute *default_attrs[] = {
	&bar_attribute.attr,
	&baz_attribute.attr,
	NULL,	/* need to NULL terminate the list of attributes */
};

/*
 * Our own ktype for our kobjects.  Here we specify our sysfs ops, the
 * release function, and the set of default attributes we want created
 * whenever a kobject of this type is registered with the kernel.
 */
static struct kobj_type ktype = {
	.sysfs_ops = &sysfs_ops,
	.release = release,
	.default_attrs = default_attrs,
};

static struct kset *example_kset;
static struct foo_obj *bar_obj;
static struct foo_obj *baz_obj;

static struct foo_obj *create_foo_obj(const char *name)
{
	struct foo_obj *foo;
	int retval;

	/* allocate the memory for the whole object */
	foo = kzalloc(sizeof(*foo), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!foo)
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * As we have a kset for this kobject, we need to set it before calling
	 * the kobject core.
	 */
	foo->kobj.kset = example_kset;

	/*
	 * Initialize and add the kobject to the kernel.  All the default files
	 * will be created here.  As we have already specified a kset for this
	 * kobject, we don't have to set a parent for the kobject, the kobject
	 * will be placed beneath that kset automatically.
	 */
	retval = kobject_init_and_add(&foo->kobj, &ktype, NULL, "%s", name);
	if (retval) {
		kobject_put(&foo->kobj);
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * We are always responsible for sending the uevent that the kobject
	 * was added to the system.
	 */
	kobject_uevent(&foo->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);

	return foo;
}

static void destroy_foo_obj(struct foo_obj *foo)
{
	kobject_put(&foo->kobj);
}

static int __init example_init(void)
{
	/*
	 * Create a kset with the name of "kset_example",
	 * located under /sys/kernel/
	 */
	example_kset = kset_create_and_add("kset_example", NULL, kernel_kobj);
	if (!example_kset)
		return -ENOMEM;

	bar_obj = create_foo_obj("bar");
	if (!bar_obj)
		goto bar_error;

	baz_obj = create_foo_obj("baz");
	if (!baz_obj)
		goto baz_error;

	return 0;

baz_error:
	destroy_foo_obj(bar_obj);
bar_error:
	kset_unregister(example_kset);
	return -EINVAL;
}

static void __exit example_exit(void)
{
	destroy_foo_obj(baz_obj);
	destroy_foo_obj(bar_obj);
	kset_unregister(example_kset);
}

module_init(example_init);
module_exit(example_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>");

应用层监听

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>

void MonitorNetlinkUevent()
{
	int sockfd;
	struct sockaddr_nl sa;
	int len;
	char buf[4096];
	struct iovec iov;
	struct msghdr msg;
	int i;

	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
	sa.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
	sa.nl_groups = NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT;
	sa.nl_pid = 0;		//getpid(); both is ok
	memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
	iov.iov_base = (void *)buf;
	iov.iov_len = sizeof(buf);
	msg.msg_name = (void *)&sa;
	msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(sa);
	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

	sockfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT);
	if (sockfd == -1)
		printf("socket creating failed:%s\n", strerror(errno));
	if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) == -1)
		printf("bind error:%s\n", strerror(errno));

	len = recvmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
	if (len < 0)
		printf("receive error\n");
	else if (len < 32 || len > sizeof(buf))
		printf("invalid message");
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		if (*(buf + i) == '\0')
			buf[i] = '\n';
	printf("received %d bytes\n%s\n", len, buf);
	close(sockfd);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	printf("***********************start***********************\n");
	MonitorNetlinkUevent();
	printf("***********************ends************************\n");
	return 0;
}

运行结果