| 节点 | ip | 需要安装的服务 |
| master（2C4G） | 192.168.2.11 | docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel |
| node01（1C3G） | 192.168.2.12 | docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel |
| node02（1C3G） | 192.168.2.13 | docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel |
| Harbor（1C3G） | 192.168.2.14 | docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2 |
一、环境准备
//所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区，&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02//所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.2.11 master01
192.168.2.12 node01
192.168.2.13 node02//调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF//生效参数
sysctl --system
二、所有节点安装docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.iomkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
}
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理，因为相对Cgroupfs而言，Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储，大小为100M，保存在/var/log/containers目录下，方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.servicedocker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd
三、所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl --------------------
//定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOFyum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11
//开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启
四、部署K8S集群
部署K8S集群 --------------------
//查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list//在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录
unzip v1.20.11.zip -d /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11
for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done//复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点，并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node01:/opt
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node02:/opt要在node节点中加载一下
[root@node01 docker]#cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11/
[root@node01 v1.20.11]#for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
//初始化kubeadm
方法一：
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yamlcd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.19 #指定master节点的IP地址
13 bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11 #指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36 dnsDomain: cluster.local
37 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" #指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs #把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件，K8S V1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志
//查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log//kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes///存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
方法二：
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.19 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.20.11 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--token-ttl=0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令，可以指定具体参数初始化，也可以指定配置文件初始化。
可选参数：
--apiserver-advertise-address：apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址，一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址，0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址
--apiserver-bind-port：apiserver的监听端口，默认是6443
--cert-dir：通讯的ssl证书文件，默认/etc/kubernetes/pki
--control-plane-endpoint：控制台平面的共享终端，可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名，高可用集群时需要添加
--image-repository：拉取镜像的镜像仓库，默认是k8s.gcr.io
--kubernetes-version：指定kubernetes版本
--pod-network-cidr：pod资源的网段，需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16，Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16；
--service-cidr：service资源的网段
--service-dns-domain：service全域名的后缀，默认是cluster.local
--token-ttl：默认token的有效期为24小时，如果不想过期，可以加上 --token-ttl=0 这个参数
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap，开启 ipvs
kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system
修改mode: ipvs提示：
......
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.10.19:6443 --token wfjo7j.baa0aheyw39w3m7h \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:77100ff66b20100cbd9f1c289788e43aee69c5b4e24cc2c74c2e5d634a074fdc
五、设定kubectl
//设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作，kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
//如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康，更改以下两个文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
# 修改如下内容
把--bind-address=127.0.0.1变成--bind-address=192.168.10.19 #修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip
把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.10.19（有两处）
#- --port=0 # 搜索port=0，把这一行注释掉systemctl restart kubelet
[root@master opt]#cd /opt/
[root@master opt]#ls
cni containerd k8s kubeadm-config.yaml kubeadm-init.log v1.20.11.zip
[root@master opt]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@master opt]#ls
cni containerd k8s kuadmin.zip kubeadm-config.yaml kubeadm-init.log v1.20.11.zip
[root@master opt]#unzip kuadmin.zip
Archive: kuadmin.zip
inflating: flannel-v0.22.2.tar
inflating: kube-flannel.yml
inflating: flannel-cni-v1.2.0.tar
[root@master opt]#ls
cni flannel-cni-v1.2.0.tar k8s kubeadm-config.yaml kube-flannel.yml
containerd flannel-v0.22.2.tar kuadmin.zip kubeadm-init.log v1.20.11.zip
[root@master opt]#
[root@master opt]#docker load -i flannel-cni-v1.2.0.tar
7df5bd7bd262: Loading layer 5.904MB/5.904MB
9332f71f5f3d: Loading layer 2.416MB/2.416MB
Loaded image: flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.2.0
[root@master opt]#docker load -i flannel-v0.22.2.tar
f1417ff83b31: Loading layer 7.338MB/7.338MB
19c2e436cb54: Loading layer 8.332MB/8.332MB
29d5090b4c6c: Loading layer 12.93MB/12.93MB
8110839ed3be: Loading layer 2.809MB/2.809MB
4d211220653e: Loading layer 39.78MB/39.78MB
05fba5822df1: Loading layer 5.632kB/5.632kB
82c57d36b80b: Loading layer 9.728kB/9.728kB
54a634045063: Loading layer 8.704kB/8.704kB
Loaded image: flannel/flannel:v0.22.2[root@master opt]#vim kube-flannel.yml
[root@master opt]#kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
namespace/kube-flannel created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created
[root@master opt]#kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 NotReady control-plane,master 47m v1.20.11
[root@master opt]#kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready control-plane,master 49m v1.20.11
//在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
/在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.10.19:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2
//在master节点查看节点状态
kubectl get nodeskubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-bccdc95cf-c9w6l 1/1 Running 0 71m
//测试 pod 资源创建
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginxkubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none>//暴露端口提供服务
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePortkubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3h57m
myapp-ky20 NodePort 10.96.56.120 <none> 80:32404/TCP 3s
//测试访问
curl http://node01:32404
//测试访问
curl http://node01:32404//扩展3个副本
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-9kh4s 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.1.3 node01 <none> <none>
nginx-554b9c67f9-rv77q 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.2.2 node02 <none> <none>
nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 17m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none>
六、部署 Dashboard
部署 Dashboard ------------------------------
//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中
cd /opt/k8s
vim recommended.yaml
#默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 #添加
type: NodePort #添加
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml#创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
#使用输出的token登录Dashboard
https://NodeIP:30001
七、安装Harbor私有仓库
安装Harbor私有仓库 --------------------
//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname hub.benet.com//所有节点加上主机名映射
echo '192.168.2.16 hub.benet.com' >> /etc/hosts//安装 docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.iomkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries": ["https://hub.benet.com"]
}
EOFsystemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
//所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件，加上私有仓库配置
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries": ["https://hub.kgc.com"]
}
EOFsystemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
//安装 Harbor
//上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录
cd /opt
cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-composetar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
//生成证书
mkdir -p /data/cert
cd /data/cert
#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
输入两遍密码：123456
#生成证书签名请求文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输入私钥密码：123456
输入国家名：CN
输入省名：BJ
输入市名：BJ
输入组织名：BENET
输入机构名：BENET
输入域名：hub.benet.com
输入管理员邮箱：admin@benet.com
其它全部直接回车#备份私钥
cp server.key server.key.org#清除私钥密码
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
输入私钥密码：123456#签名证书
openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
chmod +x /data/cert/*cd /opt/harbor/
./install.sh
如果使用本机需要ip映射
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
修改配置文件
还有etc/hosts映射有没有添加
//在一个node节点上登录harbor
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.benet.com
//上传镜像
docker tag nginx:latest hub.benet.com/library/nginx:v1
docker push hub.benet.com/library/nginx:v1//在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源
kubectl delete deployment nginxkubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=hub.benet.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80
kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m
service/nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000/TCP 3m15sNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz 1/1 Running 0 16s
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr 1/1 Running 0 16s
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45 1/1 Running 0 3m39s
yum install ipvsadm -y
ipvsadm -Lncurl 10.96.222.161:30000
kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment
25 type: NodePort #把调度策略改成NodePortkubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29m
service/nginx-deployment NodePort 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000:32340/TCP 22m浏览器访问：
192.168.10.19:32340
192.168.10.20:32340
192.168.10.21:32340
#将cluster-admin角色权限授予用户system:anonymous
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
########### 内核参数优化方案 ##########
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 #禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统内存不足（OOM）时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 #不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 #开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963 #指定最大文件句柄数
fs.nr_open=52706963 #仅4.4以上版本支持
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
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