条件变量

  
  

   
   #include<semaphore.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
//#include<linux/msg.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#define	MAXNITEMS 		1000000
#define	MAXNTHREADS			100

/* globals shared by threads */
int		nitems;				/* read-only by producer and consumer */
int		buff[MAXNITEMS];
struct {
	pthread_mutex_t	mutex;
	int				nput;	/* next index to store */
	int				nval;	/* next value to store */
} put = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER };

struct {
	pthread_mutex_t	mutex;
	pthread_cond_t	cond;
	int				nready;	/* number ready for consumer */
} nready = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER };
/* end globals */

void	*produce(void *), *consume(void *);
int min(int a,int b)
{
	return a<b?a:b;
}
/* include main */
	int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int			i, nthreads, count[MAXNTHREADS];
	pthread_t	tid_produce[MAXNTHREADS], tid_consume;

	if (argc != 3)
		printf("usage: prodcons6 <#items> <#threads>");
	nitems = min(atoi(argv[1]), MAXNITEMS);
	nthreads = min(atoi(argv[2]), MAXNTHREADS);

	pthread_setconcurrency(nthreads + 1);
	/* 4create all producers and one consumer */
	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
		count[i] = 0;
		pthread_create(&tid_produce[i], NULL, produce, &count[i]);
	}
	pthread_create(&tid_consume, NULL, consume, NULL);

	/* wait for all producers and the consumer */
	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
		pthread_join(tid_produce[i], NULL);
		printf("count[%d] = %d\n", i, count[i]);	
	}
	pthread_join(tid_consume, NULL);

	exit(0);
}
/* end main */

/* include prodcons */
	void *
produce(void *arg)
{
	for ( ; ; ) {
		pthread_mutex_lock(&put.mutex);
		if (put.nput >= nitems) {
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&put.mutex);
			return(NULL);		/* array is full, we're done */
		}
		buff[put.nput] = put.nval;
		put.nput++;
		put.nval++;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&put.mutex);

		pthread_mutex_lock(&nready.mutex);
		if (nready.nready == 0)
		{
			printf("nready==0\n");
			pthread_cond_signal(&nready.cond);
		}
		nready.nready++;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nready.mutex);

		*((int *) arg) += 1;
	}
}

	void *
consume(void *arg)
{
	int		i;

	for (i = 0; i < nitems; i++) {
		pthread_mutex_lock(&nready.mutex);
		while (nready.nready == 0)
			pthread_cond_wait(&nready.cond, &nready.mutex);
		nready.nready--;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nready.mutex);

		if (buff[i] != i)
			printf("buff[%d] = %d\n", i, buff[i]);
	}
	return(NULL);
}
/* end prodcons */
  
  

定义
Linux下C编程的条件变量：
条件变量是线程中的东西，就是等待某一条件的发生，和信号一样。
用法
条件变量使我们可以睡眠等待某种条件出现。
条件变量是利用线程间共享的全局变量进行同步的一种机制，主要包括两个动作：一个线程等待"条件变量的条件成立"而挂起；另一个线程使"条件成立"（给出条件成立信号）。为了防止竞争，条件变量的使用总是和一个互斥锁结合在一起。
条件变量类型为pthread_cond_t。
创建
条件变量和互斥锁一样，都有静态和动态两种创建方式，静态方式使用PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER常量进行初始化，如下：
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
动态方式调用pthread_cond_init()函数，API定义如下：
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_condattr_t *cond_attr)
尽管POSIX标准中为条件变量定义了属性，但在LinuxThreads中没有实现，因此cond_attr值通常为NULL，且被忽略。