双端队列(deque,即double-ended queue的缩写)是一种具有队列和栈性质的数据结构,即可以(也只能)在线性表的两端进行插入和删除。若以顺序存储方式实现双端队列,请编写例程实现下列操作:
Push(X,D):将元素X插入到双端队列D的头;
Pop(D):删除双端队列D的头元素,并返回;
Inject(X,D):将元素X插入到双端队列D的尾部;
Eject(D):删除双端队列D的尾部元素,并返回。
函数接口定义:
bool Push( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Pop( Deque D );
bool Inject( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Eject( Deque D );
其中Deque结构定义如下:
typedef int Position;
typedef struct QNode *PtrToQNode;
struct QNode {
ElementType *Data; /* 存储元素的数组 */
Position Front, Rear; /* 队列的头、尾指针 */
int MaxSize; /* 队列最大容量 */
};
typedef PtrToQNode Deque;
注意:Push和Inject应该在正常执行完操作后返回true,或者在出现非正常情况时返回false。当Front和Rear相等时队列为空,Pop和Eject必须返回由裁判程序定义的ERROR。
裁判程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ERROR -1
typedef int ElementType;
typedef enum { push, pop, inject, eject, end } Operation;
typedef enum { false, true } bool;
typedef int Position;
typedef struct QNode *PtrToQNode;
struct QNode {
ElementType *Data; /* 存储元素的数组 */
Position Front, Rear; /* 队列的头、尾指针 */
int MaxSize; /* 队列最大容量 */
};
typedef PtrToQNode Deque;
Deque CreateDeque( int MaxSize )
{ /* 注意:为区分空队列和满队列,需要多开辟一个空间 */
Deque D = (Deque)malloc(sizeof(struct QNode));
MaxSize++;
D->Data = (ElementType *)malloc(MaxSize * sizeof(ElementType));
D->Front = D->Rear = 0;
D->MaxSize = MaxSize;
return D;
}
bool Push( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Pop( Deque D );
bool Inject( ElementType X, Deque D );
ElementType Eject( Deque D );
Operation GetOp(); /* 裁判实现,细节不表 */
void PrintDeque( Deque D ); /* 裁判实现,细节不表 */
int main()
{
ElementType X;
Deque D;
int N, done = 0;
scanf("%d", &N);
D = CreateDeque(N);
while (!done) {
switch(GetOp()) {
case push:
scanf("%d", &X);
if (!Push(X, D)) printf("Deque is Full!\n");
break;
case pop:
X = Pop(D);
if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Deque is Empty!\n");
else printf("%d is out\n", X);
break;
case inject:
scanf("%d", &X);
if (!Inject(X, D)) printf("Deque is Full!\n");
break;
case eject:
X = Eject(D);
if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Deque is Empty!\n");
else printf("%d is out\n", X);
break;
case end:
PrintDeque(D);
done = 1;
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */
解题思路:
push和pop属于在头部进行操作
inject和eject属于在尾部进行操作
push和inject需要考虑队列是否满了
(D->Front - D->Rear + D->MaxSize) % D->MaxSize == 1
然后注意因为相当于循环队列所以head和rear插元素时要注意移动方式
pop和eject需要考虑是否为空,这比较简单直接判断收尾指针是否相等即可
另一方面注意读题:为区分空队列和满队列,需要多开辟一个空间
个人认为难点在于位置的移动与情况的判断
附上程序:
bool Push(ElementType X, Deque D)
{
if ((D->Front - D->Rear + D->MaxSize) % D->MaxSize == 1)
{
return false;
}
D->Front = (D->Front - 1 + D->MaxSize) % D->MaxSize;
D->Data[D->Front] = X;
return true;
}
ElementType Pop(Deque D)
{
int num;
if (D->Front == D->Rear)
{
return ERROR;
}
num = D->Data[D->Front];
D->Front = (D->Front + 1) % D->MaxSize;
return num;
}
bool Inject(ElementType X, Deque D)
{
if ((D->Front - D->Rear + D->MaxSize) % D->MaxSize == 1)
{
return false;
}
D->Data[D->Rear] = X;
D->Rear = (D->Rear + 1) % D->MaxSize;
return true;
}
ElementType Eject(Deque D)
{
int num;
if (D->Front == D->Rear)
{
return ERROR;
}
num = D->Data[(D->Rear - 1 + D->MaxSize) % D->MaxSize];
D->Rear = (D->Rear - 1 + D->MaxSize) % D->MaxSize;
return num;
}