C/C++开发的球球大作战游戏

相信许多同学在学完C/C++后还停留在那黑乎乎的控制台窗口，或许会认为C/C++只能呈现单调乏味的控制台页面。然而事实并非如此！通过运用easyx插件，我们能够实现图形化编程，让我们的程序焕发多彩的魅力！接下来，我将以简单的球球大作战项目为例，向大家介绍easyx插件图形化界面编程的基本操作。

项目所需条件：

1.运行环境：
 Windows 11

2.开发软件

Visual Studio 2022

3.使用插件

Easyx图形库
EasyX 是针对 C++ 的图形库，可以帮助 C 语言初学者快速上手图形和游戏编程。

项目开发功能：

1. 玩家可以通过移动来吞食固定的小球。

2. 吞食小球会增加玩家自身的大小。

代码如下：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<easyx.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<math.h>
#define FOOD_NUM 150
#define TWOPointDistance(x1,y1,x2,y2) sqrt( pow(x1-x2,2)+pow(y1-y2,2))
void drawGrid();
void key_down_up();
void move();
void init_FOOD();
void draw_FOOD();
void Transboundary();
void eat_FOOD();
void grow();

struct food_position {
	int fx;
	int fy;
	int color;
	int radius = rand()%15;
	bool active;
}food[FOOD_NUM];

struct circle_position {
	int x = 50;
	int y = 50;
	int radius = 10;
	int speed = 4;
	int vx;
	int vy;
}cp;
int main()
{
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
	initgraph(880, 680);
	cleardevice();
	setbkcolor(RGB(230, 238, 229));//设置背景颜色

	setlinecolor(RED);
	init_FOOD();//初始化食物
	int halfH, halfW;
	char name[20] = { "小爱同学" };
	while (1)
	{
		BeginBatchDraw();
		cleardevice();

		drawGrid();//画网格
		draw_FOOD();//画食物

	

		solidcircle(cp.x, cp.y, cp.radius);//画自己
		setfillcolor(RGB(9, 207, 254));
		halfH = textheight(name) / 2;//实现居中写名字
		setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);//设置文字背景颜色
		halfW = textwidth(name) / 2;
		settextcolor(BLACK);
		outtextxy(cp.x - halfW, cp.y - halfH, name);


		key_down_up();//按键控制移动
		move();

		eat_FOOD();
		
		Transboundary();//判断是否越界

		Sleep(8);

		EndBatchDraw();
	}
	getchar();
	closegraph();
}	//main在这里
void drawGrid()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 680; i += 10)
	{
		line(0, i, 880, i);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 880; i += 10)
	{
		line(i, 0, i, 680);
	}
}
void key_down_up() {
	ExMessage msg = { 0 };
	if (peekmessage(&msg))
	{
		if (msg.message==WM_KEYDOWN)
		{
			switch (msg.vkcode)
			{
			case VK_UP:cp.vy = -1;
				break;
			case VK_DOWN:cp.vy = 1;
				break;
			case VK_LEFT:cp.vx = -1;
				break;
			case VK_RIGHT:cp.vx = 1;
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
		else if (msg.message == WM_KEYUP)
		{
			switch (msg.vkcode)
			{
			case VK_UP:cp.vy = 0;
				break;
			case VK_DOWN:cp.vy =0;
				break;
			case VK_LEFT:cp.vx = 0;
				break;
			case VK_RIGHT:cp.vx =0;
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}
void move()
{
	cp.x += cp.vx * cp.speed;
	cp.y += cp.vy * cp.speed;
}
void init_FOOD()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; i++)
	{
		food[i].fx = rand() % 880;
		food[i].fy = rand() % 680;
		food[i].color = RGB(rand() % 255, rand() % 255, rand() % 255);
		food[i].active = true;
	}
	
}
void draw_FOOD() {
	for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; i++)
	{
		if (food[i].active==true)
		{
			fillcircle(food[i].fx, food[i].fy, food[i].radius);
			setlinecolor(BLACK);
			setfillcolor(food[i].color);
		}
	}
}
void Transboundary() {
	if (cp.x-cp.radius<0)
	{
		cp.x = cp.radius;
	}
	if (cp.y-cp.radius<0)
	{
		cp.y = cp.radius;
	}
	if (cp.x>getwidth() - cp.radius)
	{
		cp.x = getwidth() - cp.radius;
	}
	if (cp.y>getheight() - cp.radius)
	{
		cp.y = getheight() - cp.radius;
	}
}
void eat_FOOD() {
	for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; i++)
	{
		float distance;
		distance = TWOPointDistance(cp.x, cp.y, food[i].fx, food[i].fy);
		float r = cp.radius - food[i].radius;
		if (distance<r&&cp.radius>food[i].radius && food[i].active == true)
		{
			food[i].active = false;
			cp.radius = cp.radius + 1;
		}
	}
}

运行结果如下：

 关键代码讲解：

1.初始化小球信息

radius为生成的食物半径

struct food_position {
	int fx;
	int fy;
	int color;
	int radius = rand()%15;
	bool active;
}food[FOOD_NUM];

2.控制小球是否移动

通过easyx插件获取消息结构体变量键盘信息，并控制键盘按下与弹起时小球是否移动

void key_down_up() {
	ExMessage msg = { 0 };
	if (peekmessage(&msg))
	{
		if (msg.message==WM_KEYDOWN)
		{
			switch (msg.vkcode)
			{
			case VK_UP:cp.vy = -1;
				break;
			case VK_DOWN:cp.vy = 1;
				break;
			case VK_LEFT:cp.vx = -1;
				break;
			case VK_RIGHT:cp.vx = 1;
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
		else if (msg.message == WM_KEYUP)
		{
			switch (msg.vkcode)
			{
			case VK_UP:cp.vy = 0;
				break;
			case VK_DOWN:cp.vy =0;
				break;
			case VK_LEFT:cp.vx = 0;
				break;
			case VK_RIGHT:cp.vx =0;
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

3.移动小球

通过改变小球的坐标来实现小球的移动

void move()
{
	cp.x += cp.vx * cp.speed;
	cp.y += cp.vy * cp.speed;
}

4.初始化食物坐标并绘制食物

通过rand函数随机在画板上生成食物，冰为每个食物初始化不同的颜色。

void init_FOOD()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; i++)
	{
		food[i].fx = rand() % 880;
		food[i].fy = rand() % 680;
		food[i].color = RGB(rand() % 255, rand() % 255, rand() % 255);
		food[i].active = true;
	}
	
}
void draw_FOOD() {
	for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; i++)
	{
		if (food[i].active==true)
		{
			fillcircle(food[i].fx, food[i].fy, food[i].radius);
			setlinecolor(BLACK);
			setfillcolor(food[i].color);
		}
	}
}

5.吃食物

当玩家半径大于食物时吞并食物并增加自身半径大小

void eat_FOOD() {
	for (int i = 0; i < FOOD_NUM; i++)
	{
		float distance;
		distance = TWOPointDistance(cp.x, cp.y, food[i].fx, food[i].fy);
		float r = cp.radius - food[i].radius;
		if (distance<r&&cp.radius>food[i].radius && food[i].active == true)
		{
			food[i].active = false;
			cp.radius = cp.radius + 1;
		}
	}
}