孙鑫 VC++深入详解第15课——多线程

1.简单的多线程实例

步骤：

①全局函数ThreadProc

②创建进程CreateThread

③关闭进程CloseHandle

④让主线程休眠 Sleep()

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;

DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpParameter);
HANDLE hMetux;
void main()
{
	hMetux = CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
	HANDLE hThread1;
	hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL);
	CloseHandle(hThread1);

	cout<<"main thread is runing"<<endl;
	Sleep(1000);
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	
}

DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
	cout<<"thread1 is running"<<endl;
	return 0;
}

2.多线程实现火车售票

①创建两个线程同时出售火车票

②线程中火车票 ticket>0则出售，否则结束

#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI FunOneProc(LPVOID lpParam);
DWORD WINAPI FunTwoProc(LPVOID lpParam);
int ticket = 100;
int main()
{
	HANDLE hThreadOne;
	HANDLE hThreadTwo;
	hThreadOne = CreateThread(NULL,0,FunOneProc,NULL,0,NULL);
	hThreadTwo = CreateThread(NULL,0,FunTwoProc,NULL,0,NULL);

	CloseHandle(hThreadOne);
	CloseHandle(hThreadTwo);

	Sleep(4000);

	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI FunOneProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	while (TRUE)
	{
		if (ticket > 0)
		{
			cout<<"One Thread tickets:"<<ticket--<<endl;
		} 
		else
		{
			break;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI FunTwoProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	while (TRUE)
	{
		if (ticket > 0)
		{
			cout<<"Two Thread tickets:"<<ticket--<<endl;
		} 
		else
		{
			break;
		}	
	}
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

结果分析:

开始看到这个结果的时候，我大惊了一下。想着10099,9897这么大的数字从何而来，我的设置ticket =100。想了一番，这么大的数字应该分开看 10099 为100,99 ;9897为98,97.

      为什么会这样呢。孙鑫老师的书里的运行结果也没有这么奇葩。我自己想了一下，孙鑫老师电脑估计比较老土配置不高，是单核的cpu。而我因为游戏时间比较多，买了双核的cpu，并行性高。当进程One在运行时输出One Thread tickets:,恰好到了进程Two，然后输出：Two Thread tickets。然后又到了进程One，输出100，进程Two输出99。所以最后结果就呈现上面的奇葩了。`(*∩_∩*)′

3.利用互斥对象实现同步

①声明全局互斥变量：HANDLE hMutex

②创建互斥对象：CreateMutex

③在保护代码前加：WaitForSingleObject

④保护代码后加：ReleaseMutex

注意事项：创建的互斥对象应该在创建进程前面

#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
DWORD WINAPI FunOneProc(LPVOID lpParam);
DWORD WINAPI FunTwoProc(LPVOID lpParam);
int ticket = 100;
HANDLE hMutex;
int main()
{
	HANDLE hThreadOne;
	HANDLE hThreadTwo;
	hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
	hThreadOne = CreateThread(NULL,0,FunOneProc,NULL,0,NULL);
	hThreadTwo = CreateThread(NULL,0,FunTwoProc,NULL,0,NULL);

	CloseHandle(hThreadOne);
	CloseHandle(hThreadTwo);

	Sleep(4000);

	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI FunOneProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	while (TRUE)
	{
		WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
		if (ticket > 0)
		{
			cout<<"One Thread tickets:"<<ticket--<<endl;
		} 
		else
		{
			break;
		}
		ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
	}
	return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI FunTwoProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	while (TRUE)
	{
		WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);
		if (ticket > 0)
		{
			cout<<"Two Thread tickets:"<<ticket--<<endl;
		} 
		else
		{
			break;
		}	
		ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
	}
	return 0;
}

运行结果：

4.多线程实现Chat聊天室

实现步骤：

1.加载套接字库

①在 stdafx.h 文件中 添加 #include <afxsock.h>// MFC 套接字扩展

②在App类中的InitInstance函数中添加如下代码：

if (!AfxSocketInit())
{
	AfxMessageBox(IDP_SOCKETS_INIT_FAILED);
	return FALSE;
}

2.初始化套接字绑定IP和端口号

①在OnInitDialog函数中添加自定义函数InitSocket;

②InitSocket函数的实现

BOOL CUdpSrvDlg::InitSocket()
{
	m_socket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);

	if (INVALID_SOCKET == m_socket)
	{
		AfxMessageBox(_T("套接字创建失败！"));
		return FALSE;
	}

	SOCKADDR_IN sockAddr;
	sockAddr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	sockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sockAddr.sin_port = htons(6000);

    //绑定套接字
	int retval = bind(m_socket,(SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
	if (SOCKET_ERROR == retval)
	{
		closesocket(m_socket);
		AfxMessageBox(_T("绑定套接字失败"));
		return FALSE;
	}

	return TRUE;
}

3.用多线程实现接收端功能

①定义结构体：RECVPARAM

struct RECVPARAM 
{
	HWND hwnd;//对话框句柄
	SOCKET socket;//已创建的套接字
};

②创建接收线程 hThread

    InitSocket();	
	RECVPARAM *pRecvParam = new RECVPARAM;
	pRecvParam->hwnd = m_hWnd;
	pRecvParam->socket = m_socket;
	//创建接收线程
	HANDLE hThread = CreateThread(NULL,0,RecvProc,(LPVOID)pRecvParam,0,NULL);
	//关闭该接收进程句柄，释放其引用计数
	CloseHandle(hThread);

③实现接收线程函数：RecvPRoc

 在类内定义，必须使用静态变量

static DWORD WINAPI RecvProc(LPVOID lpParam);

函数实现：

DWORD WINAPI CUdpSrvDlg::RecvProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	//获取主线程传递的套接字和窗口句柄
	SOCKET sock = ((RECVPARAM*)lpParam)->socket;
	HWND hwnd = ((RECVPARAM*)lpParam)->hwnd;
	delete lpParam;

	SOCKADDR_IN addrFrom;
	int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);

	char recvBuf[200];
	char tempBuf[300];
	int retval;

	while (TRUE)
	{
		//接收数据
		retval = recvfrom(sock,recvBuf,200,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrFrom,&len);
		if (SOCKET_ERROR == retval)
		{
			break;
		}
		sprintf_s(tempBuf,300,"%s say: %s",inet_ntoa(addrFrom.sin_addr),recvBuf);
		::PostMessage(hwnd,WM_RECVDATA,0,(LPARAM)tempBuf);
	}
	return 0;
}

4.将接收的信息显示在窗口上

①自定义消息宏

#define WM_RECVDATA WM_USER +1

②设置消息响应函数原型的声明

afx_msg LRESULT OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam);

③添加消息映射

ON_MESSAGE(WM_RECVDATA,OnRecvData)

④添加消息函数的定义

LRESULT CUdpSrvDlg::OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	//取出接收到的数据
	CString str = (char*)lParam;
	CString strTemp;
	//获得已有数据
	GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_RECV,strTemp);
	str += "\r\n";
	str += strTemp;

	//显示所有接收到的数据
	SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_RECV,str);
	return 0;
}

5.设置发送端的信息

实现函数：

void CUdpSrvDlg::OnBnClickedBtnSend()
{
	// TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
	//获取对方IP
	DWORD dwIP;
	((CIPAddressCtrl*)GetDlgItem(IDC_IPADDRESS1))->GetAddress(dwIP);

	SOCKADDR_IN addrTo;
	addrTo.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(dwIP);
	addrTo.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addrTo.sin_port = htons(6000);

	CString strSend;
	//获得待发送数据
	GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_SEND,strSend);
	//发送数据
	sendto(m_socket,strSend,strSend.GetLength()+1,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrTo,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
	//清空发送编辑框中的内容
	SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT_SEND,"");	
}

6.小技巧：

①EDIT控件 MultiLine设置多行显示。

②default button设置TRUE，这是响应ENTER键。