9、外观模式(Facade)
外观模式是为了解决类与类之家的依赖关系的,像spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
我们先看下实现类:
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public
class
CPU {
public
void
startup(){
System.out.println(
"cpu startup!"
);
}
public
void
shutdown(){
System.out.println(
"cpu shutdown!"
);
}
}
public
class
Memory {
public
void
startup(){
System.out.println(
"memory startup!"
);
}
public
void
shutdown(){
System.out.println(
"memory shutdown!"
);
}
}
public
class
Disk {
public
void
startup(){
System.out.println(
"disk startup!"
);
}
public
void
shutdown(){
System.out.println(
"disk shutdown!"
);
}
}
public
class
Computer {
private
CPU cpu;
private
Memory memory;
private
Disk disk;
public
Computer(){
cpu =
new
CPU();
memory =
new
Memory();
disk =
new
Disk();
}
public
void
startup(){
System.out.println(
"start the computer!"
);
cpu.startup();
memory.startup();
disk.startup();
System.out.println(
"start computer finished!"
);
}
public
void
shutdown(){
System.out.println(
"begin to close the computer!"
);
cpu.shutdown();
memory.shutdown();
disk.shutdown();
System.out.println(
"computer closed!"
);
}
}
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User类如下:
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public
class
User {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
Computer computer =
new
Computer();
computer.startup();
computer.shutdown();
}
}
|
输出:
start the computer!
cpu startup!
memory startup!
disk startup!
start computer finished!
begin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown!
memory shutdown!
disk shutdown!
computer closed!
如果我们没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer类,他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这,就是外观模式!