结构体成员变量的偏移值

1、windows平台下有offsetof宏可以求得结构体成员变量便宜，源码如下：

/* Define offsetof macro */
#ifdef __cplusplus

#ifdef  _WIN64
#define offsetof(s,m)   (size_t)( (ptrdiff_t)&reinterpret_cast<const volatile char&>((((s *)0)->m)) )
#else
#define offsetof(s,m)   (size_t)&reinterpret_cast<const volatile char&>((((s *)0)->m))
#endif

#else

#ifdef  _WIN64
#define offsetof(s,m)   (size_t)( (ptrdiff_t)&(((s *)0)->m) )
#else
#define offsetof(s,m)   (size_t)&(((s *)0)->m)//零地址得出的偏移，相当NULL指针，->符号并没有去执行代码，编译器只是取成员域的地址，避免对象创建，效率大大提高，往往在面试题中出现
#endif

#endif	/* __cplusplus */

2、同样的道理，知道成员变量地址，结构体类型，成员名称，就可以求得：结构体开始地址 = 成员变量地址-offset
windows下有个CONTAINING_RECORD

#define CONTAINING_RECORD(address，type，field) ((type*)((PCHAR)(address)-(ULONG_PTR)(&((type*)0)->field)))

3、Linux的链表和hash表就用到了这种技术

      在linux内核中，链表没有保存数据域，链表节点作为数据节点的域，遍历全局链表或者hash表时，利用上面1、2两点得数据节点的地址。跟一般的链表操作相反。

example 1.1 数据节点结构体

 749struct inode {
 750        umode_t                 i_mode;
 751        unsigned short          i_opflags;
 752        uid_t                   i_uid;
 753        gid_t                   i_gid;
 754        unsigned int            i_flags;
 755
 756#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
 757        struct posix_acl        *i_acl;
 758        struct posix_acl        *i_default_acl;
 759#endif
 760
 761        const struct inode_operations   *i_op;
 762        struct super_block      *i_sb;
 763        struct address_space    *i_mapping;
 764
 765#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
 766        void                    *i_security;
 767#endif
 768
 769        /* Stat data, not accessed from path walking */
 770        unsigned long           i_ino;
 771        /*
 772         * Filesystems may only read i_nlink directly.  They shall use the
 773         * following functions for modification:
 774         *
 775         *    (set|clear|inc|drop)_nlink
 776         *    inode_(inc|dec)_link_count
 777         */
 778        union {
 779                const unsigned int i_nlink;
 780                unsigned int __i_nlink;
 781        };
 782        dev_t                   i_rdev;
 783        struct timespec         i_atime;
 784        struct timespec         i_mtime;
 785        struct timespec         i_ctime;
 786        spinlock_t              i_lock; /* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
 787        unsigned short          i_bytes;
 788        blkcnt_t                i_blocks;
 789        loff_t                  i_size;
 790
 791#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
 792        seqcount_t              i_size_seqcount;
 793#endif
 794
 795        /* Misc */
 796        unsigned long           i_state;
 797        struct mutex            i_mutex;
 798
 799        unsigned long           dirtied_when;   /* jiffies of first dirtying */
 800
 801        struct hlist_node       i_hash;  //hash链表
 802        struct list_head        i_wb_list;      /* backing dev IO list */
 803        struct list_head        i_lru;          /* inode LRU list */
 804        struct list_head        i_sb_list;
 805        union {
 806                struct list_head        i_dentry;
 807                struct rcu_head         i_rcu;
 808        };
 809        atomic_t                i_count;
 810        unsigned int            i_blkbits;
 811        u64                     i_version;
 812        atomic_t                i_dio_count;
 813        atomic_t                i_writecount;
 814        const struct file_operations    *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
 815        struct file_lock        *i_flock;
 816        struct address_space    i_data;
 817#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
 818        struct dquot            *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
 819#endif
 820        struct list_head        i_devices;
 821        union {
 822                struct pipe_inode_info  *i_pipe;
 823                struct block_device     *i_bdev;
 824                struct cdev             *i_cdev;
 825        };
 826
 827        __u32                   i_generation;
 828
 829#ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
 830        __u32                   i_fsnotify_mask; /* all events this inode cares about */
 831        struct hlist_head       i_fsnotify_marks;
 832#endif
 833
 834#ifdef CONFIG_IMA
 835        atomic_t                i_readcount; /* struct files open RO */
 836#endif
 837        void                    *i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */
 838};

example 1.2 链表定义

       struct list_head {
223 struct list_head *next, *prev;
224 };
225
226 struct hlist_head {
227 struct hlist_node *first;
228 };
229
230 struct hlist_node {
231 struct hlist_node *next, **pprev;
232 };