建造者模式

建造者模式(Builder pattern)

应用场景

当我们需要构造一个复杂的产品，比如：手机，汽车等。我们不仅需要构建各个零件，还有将这些零件组装在一起

发开中场景

1：StringBuilder类的append方法

2：SQL中的PreparedStatement

3：JDOM中，DomBuilder、SAXBuilder

本质

分离了对象子组件的单独构造（由Bulider负责）和装配（由Director负责）,实现了构建和装配的解耦。不同的构建器，相同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。相同的构建器，不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法、装配算法的解耦，实现了更好的复用。

案例（生产Iphone手机）

Iphone手机类

public class Iphone {
	private Battery battery;   //电池
	private Processor processor; //处理器
	private Shell shell;    //外壳
	
	public Battery getBattery() {
		return battery;
	}
	public void setBattery(Battery battery) {
		this.battery = battery;
	}
	public Processor getProcessor() {
		return processor;
	}
	public void setProcessor(Processor processor) {
		this.processor = processor;
	}
	public Shell getShell() {
		return shell;
	}
	public void setShell(Shell shell) {
		this.shell = shell;
	}
	
}
//定义电池类
class Battery{
	private String name;

	public Battery() {
	}

	public Battery(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
}
//定义处理器类
class Processor{
	private String name;

	public Processor() {
	}

	public Processor(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	
}
//定义外壳类
class Shell{
	private String name;

	public Shell() {
	}

	public Shell(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
}

手机部件构造器接口

public interface IphoneBuilder {
	//各个部件构造器
	public abstract Battery builderBattery();
	public abstract Processor builderProcessor();
	public abstract Shell Shell();
}

手机部件组装器接口

public interface IphoneDirectory {
	//手机组装器
	public abstract Iphone directIphone();
}

构造完毕，开始自作自己的Iphone

美版Iphone构造器

public class UsaIphoneBuilder implements IphoneBuilder{

	public Battery builderBattery() {
		System.out.println("构建美版IPhone电池！");
		return new Battery("美版IPhone电池");
	}

	public Processor builderProcessor() {
		System.out.println("构建美版IPhone处理器！");
		return new Processor("美版IPhone处理器");
	}

	public Shell Shell() {
		System.out.println("构建美版IPhone外壳！");
		return new Shell("美版IPhone外壳");
	}

}

美版Iphone组装器

public class UsaIphoneDirectory implements IphoneDirectory{
	/*
	 * 如果需要组装这部美版IPhone。第一步需要构建各个组件
	 */
	private IphoneBuilder builder;
	
	//美版iPhone组装器构造器
	public UsaIphoneDirectory(){
		
	}
	public UsaIphoneDirectory(IphoneBuilder builder){
		this.builder = builder;
	}
	
	//重写组装器方法，组装各类部件
	public Iphone directIphone() {
		/*
		 * 创建各种部件
		 */
		Battery battery = builder.builderBattery();
		Processor processor = builder.builderProcessor();
		Shell shell = builder.builderShell();
		/*
		 * 创建组装器，将其所有部件组装
		 */
		Iphone iphone = new Iphone();
		iphone.setBattery(battery);
		iphone.setProcessor(processor);
		iphone.setShell(shell);
		
		return iphone;
	}
	
	
}

用户测试

public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		IphoneDirectory directory = new UsaIphoneDirectory(new UsaIphoneBuilder());
		
		Iphone iphone = directory.directIphone();
		
		System.out.println(iphone.getProcessor().getName());
		System.out.println(iphone.getBattery().getName());
		System.out.println(iphone.getShell().getName());
		iphone.prepare();
	}
}

console:
构建美版IPhone电池！
构建美版IPhone处理器！
构建美版IPhone外壳！
美版IPhone处理器
美版IPhone电池
美版IPhone外壳