设计模式——建造者模式

建造者模式是创建型模式之一，分离了对象子组件的单独构造（也就是我们常见到的以builder结尾的，如：我们所熟悉的关于SAX解析的SAXBuilder）和装配（也就是我们经常见到的以director结尾的，如：DefaulRequestDirector）。由于实现了构建和装配的解耦，不同的构建器，相同的装配，也能创建出不同的对象。即使是相同的构建器，如果装配的顺序不同，也可以创建出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法，装配算法的解耦，实现了更好的复用。就像我们的手机一样，我们的手机是有很多零件组合而成的，但是这些零件是有不同的工厂生产，然后再运送到一起，有工人和机器共同配合装配而成的。到我们手里的手机虽是完整的，但是它也离不了建造者和装配者。下面我们就以手机的生产为例：
生产手机电池

public class Battery {
    String name;

    public Battery(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

生产手机屏幕

public class Screen {
    String name;

    public Screen(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

生产手机内存

public class Memory {
    String name;

    public Memory(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

待生产的手机

public class Phone {
    private Battery battery;
    private Screen screen;
    private Memory memory;

    public Battery getBattery() {
        return battery;
    }

    public void setBattery(Battery battery) {
        this.battery = battery;
    }

    public Screen getScreen() {
        return screen;
    }

    public void setScreen(Screen screen) {
        this.screen = screen;
    }

    public Memory getMemory() {
        return memory;
    }

    public void setMemory(Memory memory) {
        this.memory = memory;
    }
}

手机的构建者

public interface PhoneBuilder {
        Battery batteryBuilder();
        Screen screenBuilder();
        Memory memoryBuilder();
}

准备生产的是迷你手机

public class MiniPhoneBuilder implements PhoneBuilder {
    @Override
    public Battery batteryBuilder() {
        return new Battery("我生产的是手机电池");
    }

    @Override
    public Screen screenBuilder() {
        return new Screen("我生产的是手机屏幕");
    }

    @Override
    public Memory memoryBuilder() {
        return new Memory("我生产的是手机内存");
    }
}

手机的装配者

public interface PhoneDirector {
    Phone phoneDirector();
}

迷你手机的装配者

public class MiniPhoneDirector implements PhoneDirector {
    private PhoneBuilder phoneBuilder;

    public MiniPhoneDirector(PhoneBuilder phoneBuilder) {
        this.phoneBuilder = phoneBuilder;
    }

    @Override
    public Phone phoneDirector() {
        Battery battery = phoneBuilder.batteryBuilder();
        Screen screen = phoneBuilder.screenBuilder();
        Memory memory = phoneBuilder.memoryBuilder();
        Phone phone = new Phone();
        phone.setBattery(battery);
        phone.setScreen(screen);
        phone.setMemory(memory);
        return phone;
    }
}