Android中Fragment的使用

Fragment，官方解释它为碎片，其实我倒喜欢将它看出是Activity中的控件View。只是使用起来与控件有些区别（因为它要自定义Fragment）。
首先来看看，固定使用Fragment，也就是

静态的Fragment

定义activity_fragment_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="me.xxx.FragmentMainActivity">

    <fragment
        class="me.xxx.TitleFragment"
        android:id="@+id/fragment_title_f"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_content_f"
        class="me.xxx.ContentFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_below="@id/fragment_title_f"/>
        </RelativeLayout>

这里有个问题需要注意一下

Caused by: Java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Binary XML file line #7: Must specify unique android:id, android:tag, or have a parent with an id for me.xxx.ContentFragment

可能会出现以上的错误，原因是，没有个fragment定义id导致的，加上id问题就解决。
写Activity:

public class FragmentMainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    FragmentManager fragment;
    TextView aaaaTv,bbbbTv;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_fragment_main);}}

在activity_fragment_main中我自定义了两个Fragment，接下来，简单的实现下他们两个就行。
TitleFragment

public class TitleFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_title,container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

ContentFragment

public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_content,container,false);
    }
}

在Fragment的布局里随便写点东西就可以了。接下来运行出现就能发现，这里的静态Fragment和View控件其实差不多。

实现动态的加载Fragment

也不难，只是需要多使用两个类，两个方法。
首先是fragment_interact.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@android:color/white" >

    <include
        android:id="@+id/layout_header"
        layout="@layout/activity_header" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/my_question_ll"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/layout_header"
        android:paddingTop="@dimen/frame_and_ll"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/my_question_tv"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/my_question"
            android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/frame_and_ll"
            android:textSize="18dp"/>
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/my_question_iv"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:background="@drawable/lineae"
            android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/frame_and_ll"
            android:visibility="invisible"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/teacher_question_ll"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/my_question_ll"
        android:layout_below="@id/layout_header"
        android:paddingTop="@dimen/frame_and_ll"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/teacher_question_tv"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/teacher_question"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:textSize="18dp"/>
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/teacher_question_iv"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:background="@drawable/lineae"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:visibility="invisible"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/id_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_below="@id/my_question_ll" />

</RelativeLayout>

由于项目需要，我是在Fragment上再创建Fragment。所以下面请看我的Fragment。

public class InteractFragment extends BaseFragment implements View.OnClickListener{

    private View view;
    private TextView myQuestionTv, teacherQuestioniTv;
    private ImageView myQuestionIv, teacherQuestionIv;
    private FragmentManager fragment;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
                             @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_interact, container, false);
        headerTitle = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.title_center);
        setHeaderTitle(R.string.interactive);

        myQuestionTv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.my_question_tv);
        teacherQuestioniTv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.teacher_question_tv);
        myQuestionTv.setOnClickListener(this);
        teacherQuestioniTv.setOnClickListener(this);

        myQuestionIv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.my_question_iv);
        teacherQuestionIv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.teacher_question_iv);

        firstFragment();

//      Fragment.getSupportFragmentManager();
        this.getFragmentManager();
        return view;
    }

    public void firstFragment()  {
        modifyMyQuestion();
        fragment = getFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragment.beginTransaction();
        transaction.add(R.id.id_content, new MyFragment());
        transaction.commit();
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragment.beginTransaction();
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.my_question_tv:
                modifyMyQuestion();
                transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, new MyFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.teacher_question_tv:
                modifyTeacherQuestion();
                transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, new TeacherFragment());
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        transaction.commit();
    }

    public void modifyMyQuestion() {
        teacherQuestionIv.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            teacherQuestioniTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.black, getActivity().getTheme()));
        }else {
            teacherQuestioniTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.black));
        }
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            myQuestionTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.theme_green, getActivity().getTheme()));
        }else {
            myQuestionTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.theme_green));
        }
        myQuestionIv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

    public void modifyTeacherQuestion() {
        myQuestionIv.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            myQuestionTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.black, getActivity().getTheme()));
        }else {
            myQuestionTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.black));
        }
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            teacherQuestioniTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.theme_green, getActivity().getTheme()));
        }else {
            teacherQuestioniTv.setTextColor(getActivity().getResources().getColor(R.color.theme_green));
        }
        teacherQuestionIv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }
}

这里用到的MyFragment和TeacherFragment跟上面的类似，可以自己简单写写。
最后我获得的效果如下图所示