使用注解搭建spring mvc项目

1.新建一个web项目，名称是spring mvc

2.因为resource包下面放的是配置文件，所以鼠标放在resource包上右键Build Path——Use As Resource Folder，也就是把spring的配置文件放到classpath下，不然到时候会找不到自定义的spring配置文件，最终效果如图

3.必备jar包

commons-logging：程序运行记录日志

spring-asm：spring独立的asm程序，是一种字节码技术，主要是用来反射的时候提升性能，如果单纯用jdk的反射，性能低，使用字节码增强技术后反射调用的时间基本和直接调用相当了

spring-beans：

spring-context：

spring-core：

spring-expression：

spring-web：

spring-webmvc：

4.配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>springDemo</display-name>
 
 <!-- 设置编码 -->
 <filter>
	 <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
	 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
	 <!-- encoding用来指定一个具体的字符集 -->
	 <init-param>
	 	<param-name>encoding</param-name>
	 	<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
	 </init-param>
	 <!-- forceEncoding影响response中的字符编码  -->
	 <init-param>
	 	<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
	 	<param-value>true</param-value>
	 </init-param> 
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
 	<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
 	<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>
 
 <!-- spring控制转发配置-->
 <servlet>
	 <servlet-name>springDemo</servlet-name>
	 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
	 <!-- 配置spring.xml文件的路径 -->
	 <init-param>
	 	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
	 	<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
	 </init-param>
	 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 	<servlet-name>springDemo</servlet-name>
 	<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
  
  
  <!-- 欢迎页设置 -->
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

配置spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 
要引入context相关的命名空间
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
 
 <!-- context:component-scan告诉spring要扫描的包 -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.*"/>
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
   p:prefix="/WebContent"
   p:suffix=".jsp"/>
   
 </beans>

5.每个类的代码

user.java，用户类，简单定义了登录账号，密码和真是姓名三个属性

package com.spring.bean;

public class User {
	private String username;

	private String password;

	private String realname;

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getRealname() {
		return realname;
	}

	public void setRealname(String realname) {
		this.realname = realname;
	}
}

UserDao.java：接口，定义了登录，和注册两个方法

package com.spring.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.spring.bean.User;

/**
 * 用户操作接口
 * 
 * @author wb-huaernan
 * 
 */
// @Service:用于标记接口
@Service("userDao")
public interface UserDao {

	/**
	 * 根据账号密码登录
	 * 
	 * @param username
	 * @param password
	 * @return
	 */
	public User userLogin(String username, String password);

	/**
	 * 用户注册
	 * 
	 * @param userBean
	 * @return
	 */
	public boolean userRegister(User user);

}

UserDaoImpl.java：接口实现类

package com.spring.daoImpl;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.spring.bean.User;
import com.spring.dao.UserDao;

/**
 * 用户接口实现类
 * 
 * @author wb-huaernan
 * 
 */
// @Scope表示用单例模式
@Scope("singleton")
// @Repository表示此类是个实现类，也就是dao层的实现类
@Repository(value = "userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

	/**
	 * 用户登录
	 */
	@Override
	public User userLogin(String username, String password) {
		User user = null;
		// 一般这里是从数据库查询，来获取userBean的相关信息的，现在简单写
		if (username.equals("admin") && password.equals("admin")) {
			user = new User();
			user.setRealname("管理员");
		}
		return user;
	}

	/**
	 * 用户注册
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean userRegister(User user) {
		boolean result = false;
		// 一般这里是执行数据库插入，这里简单判断下有值，就返回true，说明注册成功
		if (!user.getUsername().isEmpty() && !user.getPassword().isEmpty()
				&& !user.getRealname().isEmpty()) {
			result = true;
		}
		return result;
	}

}

UserAction.java：业务处理类

package com.spring.action;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.spring.bean.User;
import com.spring.dao.UserDao;

//@Controller:负责注册一个bean 到spring上下文中，用于标注控制层组件
//@RequestMapping:注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserAction {
	/*
	 * @Autowired和@Resource都可以用来装配bean，都写在字段或者方法上
	 * 
	 * @Autowired:默认按类型装配，依赖对象必须存在，如果要允许null值，
	 * 可以设置它的required属性为false，如：@Autowired(required=false)
	 * 如果我们想使用名称装配可以结合@Qualifier注解进行使用,如
	 * 
	 * @Autowired() @Qualifier("userDao")
	 * 
	 * @Resource默认按照名称进行装配，按照name指定，如果没写，默认按照属性名称匹配，推荐使用
	 */
	@Resource(name = "userDao")
	private UserDao userDao;

	/**
	 * 用户登录
	 * 
	 * @param username
	 * @param password
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	// 页面表单属性名称会自动和参数名称匹配起来
	public ModelAndView UserLogin(String username, String password) {
		User user = userDao.userLogin(username, password);
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		// forward：控制转发--redirect：重定向
		mav.setViewName("forward:/welcome.jsp");
		mav.addObject("user", user);
		return mav;
	}

	/**
	 * 用户注册
	 * 
	 * @param user
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping("register")
	// 表单属性名称会自动和user的属性名称匹配起来
	public ModelAndView UserRegister(User user) {
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
		boolean result = userDao.userRegister(user);
		mav.setViewName("redirect:/welcome.jsp");
		mav.addObject("result", result);
		return mav;
	}
}

6.jsp页面，login.jsp，用户登录。userRegister.jsp用户注册，welcome.jsp注册或者登录成功后展示的页面

login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用户登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user/login.htm" method="post">
登录账号：<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
登录密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
<input type="button" οnclick="enterRegisterPage()" value="注册">
</form>

<!-- js打开注册页面 -->
<script type="text/javascript">
function enterRegisterPage(){
	window.open("userRegister.jsp");
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

userRegister.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用户注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user/register.htm" method="post">
登录账号：<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
登录密码：<input type="text" name="password"><br/>
真实姓名：<input type="text" name="realname"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="确定">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
</body>
</html>

welcome.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="com.spring.bean.User"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>欢迎-spring-mvc项目欢迎页</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
//用户登录
User user =(User)request.getAttribute("user");
if(user!=null){
	out.print("<h1>欢迎您，"+user.getRealname()+"</h1>");
}
//用户注册
String result = request.getParameter("result");
if(result.equals("true")){
	out.print("<h1>注册成功！</h1>");
}
%>
</body>
</html>