perl 时间函数(timelocal,localtime,strftime)小用

版权声明：本文为sam的原创文章，转载请添加出处：http://blog.csdn.net/samed https://blog.csdn.net/samed/article/details/8934804

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近期依然要投入到万恶的维护行列，确实不是什么好事情。

不过也没法，工资上的去，暂时潜心学习呗。

 

因为项目是新确立的，所以所有的维护脚本都要自己去编写。

其中最烦的莫过于自己对perl不熟，还要写perl脚本。

这次讲几个perl时间函数的用法，在维护中比较常用。

 

目录：（以后再用到会更新）

一、Time::Local 集合。
二、POSIX qw(strftime)函数。

 

一、Time::Local 集合。

这个集合里面主要会用到以下函数：

timelocal()、localtime()。

 

timelocal()是从格式化的时间输入转换成秒；而localtime()是从秒转换成格式化的时间。

用perl的来表示就是如下结果：

my $second_str = timelocal($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm,$yy);

our ($sec,$min,$hour,$day,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime($second_str);$year =$year+1900;

不过这个localtime 稍稍有点复杂，它有两种方式的输出，一种就是如上这一种的数组赋值方式，一种就是直接输出：print localtime($second_str);

这两种的输出结果是不一样的。如下：

 

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      perl -e 
      
      '
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      use 
      
      Time::Local;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      our ($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm,$yy) = (
      
      0,
      
      0,
      
      0,
      
      16,
      
      5,
      
      2013);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      my $second_str = timelocal($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm,$yy);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">print timelocal($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm,$yy).<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"\n"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">our ($sec,$min,$
      
      hour,$<span class="hljs-built_in"><span class="hljs-built_in">day</span></span>,$mon,$<span class="hljs-built_in"><span class="hljs-built_in">year</span></span>,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime($second_str);$
      
      year = $<span class="hljs-built_in"><span class="hljs-built_in">year</span></span>+<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1900</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">print localtime($second_str).
      
      "\n";
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      print 
      
      "$year-$mon-$day $hour:$min:$sec $isdst:$yday:$wday\n";
      
      '
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    
  
  

输出结果：

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      1371312000
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      Sun 
      
      Jun 16 00
      
      :00
      
      :00 2013
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      2013
      
      -5-16 0
      
      :0
      
      :0 0
      
      :166
      
      :0
     
     
    
    
  
  

可以看出，同一个timelocal输出得到的second_str，两种输出方式得到的日期和结果是不一样的。

一个是6月16日，一个是5月16日。差了一个月之多~~~~~

很让人崩溃吧。

 

所以如果使用第一种方式（直接调用，非数组赋值）输出 localtime ，在计算 timelocal 的 second_str 之时，月份要减一，不过第二种的数组赋值方式最后输出的年份要加 1900 才能得到正确的结果。

另外，系统还自带一个 time() 函数，默认返回当前系统时间的 timelocal 。而且还自动月份减一了。

这就有点悲剧了，如果是使用数组方式赋值的话，这个time就不能用了。

 

话说，这两个函数有什么用捏？

主要用途是用来计算 时间差 的。

 

以下函数请保存成模板，随时可以调用。

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #!/usr/bin/perl
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      use Time::Local;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      sub second_str_cal{  
      
      #用于计算形似 20130516 这种日期的秒钟数
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
  
      
      #input:($date_by_"YYYYMMDD")</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#output:($second_str1,$second_str2)</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> $_cnt = @_;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
  
      
      unless ( $_cnt == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">and</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">length</span></span>($_[
      
      0]) == 
      
      8 ){
      
      print 
      
      "Worng input, please use input like: second_str_cal(20130516) \n"; 
      
      exit;}
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
  
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
      
      my ($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm,$yy) = (
      
      0,
      
      0,
      
      0,
      
      substr($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>],<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">6</span></span>,<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">2</span></span>),<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">substr</span></span>($_[
      
      0],
      
      4,
      
      2),
      
      substr($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>],<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>,<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">4</span></span>));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">	<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $second_str1 = timelocal($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm,$yy);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
   
      
      my $second_str2 = timelocal($ss,$mi,$hh,$dd,$mm-
      
      1,$yy);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">	<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$second_str1,$second_str2"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">sub</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="hljs-title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">format_time</span></span></span></span>{   <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#用于格式化输出日期，依赖 second_str_cal 函数</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#input:($second_str1,$second_str2)</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#output:($date_by_"YYYYMMDD",$week_day)</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  $_cnt = @_;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">unless</span></span> ( $_cnt == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">2</span></span> ){<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">print</span></span> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"Worng input, please use input like: format_time(1368692601,1368692601) \n"</span></span>; <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">exit</span></span>;}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">	<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($sec,$min,$hour,$day,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">localtime</span></span>($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>]);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">	$year = $year + <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1900</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">	<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($week_day) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">split</span></span>(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">" "</span></span>,<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">localtime</span></span>($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span>]));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">	<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$year$mon$day,$week_day"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">sub</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="hljs-title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">two_day_minus</span></span></span></span>{   <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#用于计算两个日期的差，依赖 second_str_cal 函数</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#input:($date1_by_"YYYYMMDD",$date2_by_"YYYYMMDD")</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#output:($day_minus)</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  $_cnt = @_;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">unless</span></span> ( $_cnt == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">2</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">and</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">length</span></span>($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>]) == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">8</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">and</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">length</span></span>($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span>]) == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">8</span></span> ){<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">print</span></span> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"Worng input, please use input like: format_time(20130515,20130516) \n"</span></span>; <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">exit</span></span>;}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($second_str1_1) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">split</span></span>(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">","</span></span>,second_str_cal(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$_[0]"</span></span>));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($second_str2_1) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">split</span></span>(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">","</span></span>,second_str_cal(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$_[1]"</span></span>));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $day_minus = ($second_str2_1-$second_str1_1)/<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">24</span></span>/<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">60</span></span>/<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">60</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  $day_minus = - $day_minus <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span>($day_minus &lt;<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$day_minus"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">sub</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="hljs-title"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">n_day_before</span></span></span></span>{    <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#用于计算某天的前几天是什么日期，依赖 second_str_cal、format_time 函数</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#input:($date1_by_"YYYYMMDD",$n)</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#output:($date1_by_"YYYYMMDD")</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  $_cnt = @_;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">unless</span></span> ( $_cnt == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">and</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">length</span></span>($_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span>]) == <span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">8</span></span> ){<span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">print</span></span> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"Worng input, please use input like: second_str_cal(20130516) \n"</span></span>; <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">exit</span></span>;}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($second_str1,$second_str2) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">split</span></span>(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">","</span></span>,second_str_cal(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$_[0]"</span></span>));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $second_str1_minus = $second_str1 - $_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span>]*<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">24</span></span>*<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">60</span></span>*<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">60</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $second_str2_minus = $second_str2 - $_[<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span>]*<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">24</span></span>*<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">60</span></span>*<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">60</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($date_by_day,$week_day) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">split</span></span>(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">","</span></span>,format_time($second_str1_minus,$second_str2_minus));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">  <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"$date_by_day,$week_day"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">}</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#*******************************************************</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $user_day=
      
      "20130516";
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      my ($str1,$str2) = 
      
      split(
      
      ",",second_str_cal(
      
      "$user_day"</span></span>));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> ($a,$b) = <span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">split</span></span>(<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">","</span></span>,format_time($str1,$str2));</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">print</span></span> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"\nUser day is:$a, and the week day is:$b\n"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#*******************************************************</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#*******************************************************</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $day1="20130516";
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      my $day2=<span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"20130512"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $c = two_day_minus($day1,$day2);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      my $d = two_day_minus($day2,$day1);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">print</span></span> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"\n$day2 - $day1 = $c(days)    $day1 - $day2 = $d(days)\n"</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#*******************************************************</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment">#*******************************************************</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $day3=
      
      "20130516";
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      my $n1=<span class="hljs-number"><span class="hljs-number">3</span></span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $n2=-
      
      2;
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      my $e = n_day_before($day3,$n1);</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">my</span></span> $f = n_day_before($day3,$n2);
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      print 
      
      "\n$day3\'s $n1 days before is $e; $day3\'s $n2 days before is $f\n\n";
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #*******************************************************
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    
  
  

测试输出结果：

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      User day 
      
      is:
      
      2013516, 
      
      and the week day 
      
      is:Thu
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      20130512 - 
      
      20130516 = 
      
      4(days)    
      
      20130516 - 
      
      20130512 = 
      
      4(days)
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      20130516
      
      's 3 days before is 2013513,Mon; 20130516's 
      
      -2 days before 
      
      is 
      
      2013518,Sat
     
     
    
    
  
  

 

二、POSIX qw(strftime)函数。

讲了这么多，终于到第二个内容，这个简单很多。

使用这个函数，就不用像前面那样使用数组输出这么多参数了，直接利用strftime函数的时间域定义一下格式就O了。

使用：

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      #!/usr/bin/perl
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      use POSIX 
      
      qw(strftime); 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      print strftime(
      
      "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\n", 
      
      localtime(
      
      time)); 
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    
  
  

会输出
2010-08-21 07:44:24

就能格式化输出啦，前提是你懂得了前面第一部分的localtime的用法。

 

这个就不多说了，让大家慢慢去体会。

 

 附上

  
  

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      Strftime 时间域  (这个和 date 的命令的字符格式是一样的):
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %H: 小时（
      
      00..
      
      23）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %I: 小时（
      
      01..
      
      12）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %k: 小时（
      
      0..
      
      23）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %l: 小时（
      
      1..
      
      12）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %M: 分（
      
      00..
      
      59）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %p: 显示出AM或PM
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %r: 时间（hh：mm：ss AM或PM）,
      
      12小时
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %s: 从
      
      1970年
      
      1月
      
      1日
      
      00：
      
      00：
      
      00到目前经历的秒数
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %S: 秒（
      
      00..
      
      59）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %T: 时间（
      
      24小时制）（hh:mm:ss）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %X: 显示时间的格式（％H:％M:％S）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %Z: 时区 日期域
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %a: 星期几的简称（ Sun..Sat）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %A: 星期几的全称（ Sunday..Saturday）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %b: 月的简称（Jan..Dec）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %B: 月的全称（January..December）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %c: 日期和时间（ Mon Nov 
      
      8 
      
      14：
      
      12：
      
      46 CST 
      
      1999）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %d: 一个月的第几天（
      
      01..
      
      31）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %D: 日期（mm／dd／yy）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %h: 和%b选项相同
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %j: 一年的第几天（
      
      001..
      
      366）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %m: 月（
      
      01..
      
      12）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %w: 一个星期的第几天（
      
      0代表星期天）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %W: 一年的第几个星期（
      
      00..
      
      53,星期一为第一天）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %x: 显示日期的格式（mm/dd/yy）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %y: 年的最后两个数字（ 
      
      1999则是
      
      99）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     

      
      %Y: 年（例如：
      
      1970,
      
      1996等）
     
     
    
    

    
    

     
     

    
    
    
    

     
     
 
     
     
    
    
  
  

 

转载请说明出处，谢谢。

 

———————————————————————-

参考文献：

1. perldoc.perl.org

2. 扶 凯’s blog

 

 

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