Hive分区字段含中文报错问题解决方案

使用Hive创建动态分区时，如果分区中含有中文，会报以下错误。

Illegal mix of collations (latin1_bin,IMPLICIT) and (utf8_general_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation ‘=’

原因应该是分区表的编码和全局编码不相同造成的

提供两种解决方案:

• 方案一：修改mysql配置

临时修改：进入mysql中设置如下参数

set character_set_client = utf8;
set character_set_connection = utf8;
set character_set_results = utf8;
 
SET collation_server = utf8_general_ci
SET collation_database = utf8_general_ci

永久修改：修改mysql配置文件后重启

[root@ambari03 etc] vim /etc/my.cnf
# [client]下添加如下内容
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
# [mysqld]下添加如下内容
[mysqld]
default-character-set=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# [mysql]下添加如下内容
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

然后systemctl restart mysqld重启mysql服务

使用该方法后仍未能解决问题！

• 方案二：修改mysql中Hive元数据库各个表的编码

进入mysql后，执行以下语句修改hive元数据表的编码信息

alter database hive_meta default character set utf8;
alter table BUCKETING_COLS default character set utf8;
alter table CDS default character set utf8;
alter table COLUMNS_V2 default character set utf8;
alter table DATABASE_PARAMS default character set utf8;
alter table DBS default character set utf8;
alter table FUNCS default character set utf8;
alter table FUNC_RU default character set utf8;
alter table GLOBAL_PRIVS default character set utf8;
alter table PARTITIONS default character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_KEYS default character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_KEY_VALS default character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_PARAMS default character set utf8;
-- alter table PART_COL_STATS default character set utf8;
alter table ROLES default character set utf8;
alter table SDS default character set utf8;
alter table SD_PARAMS default character set utf8;
alter table SEQUENCE_TABLE default character set utf8;
alter table SERDES default character set utf8;
alter table SERDE_PARAMS default character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_COL_NAMES default character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP default character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_STRING_LIST default character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES default character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_VALUES default character set utf8;
alter table SORT_COLS default character set utf8;
alter table TABLE_PARAMS default character set utf8;
alter table TAB_COL_STATS default character set utf8;
alter table TBLS default character set utf8;
alter table VERSION default character set utf8;
alter table BUCKETING_COLS convert to character set utf8;
alter table CDS convert to character set utf8;
alter table COLUMNS_V2 convert to character set utf8;
alter table DATABASE_PARAMS convert to character set utf8;
alter table DBS convert to character set utf8;
alter table FUNCS convert to character set utf8;
alter table FUNC_RU convert to character set utf8;
alter table GLOBAL_PRIVS convert to character set utf8;
alter table PARTITIONS convert to character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_KEYS convert to character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_KEY_VALS convert to character set utf8;
alter table PARTITION_PARAMS convert to character set utf8;
-- alter table PART_COL_STATS convert to character set utf8;
alter table ROLES convert to character set utf8;
alter table SDS convert to character set utf8;
alter table SD_PARAMS convert to character set utf8;
alter table SEQUENCE_TABLE convert to character set utf8;
alter table SERDES convert to character set utf8;
alter table SERDE_PARAMS convert to character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_COL_NAMES convert to character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP convert to character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_STRING_LIST convert to character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES convert to character set utf8;
alter table SKEWED_VALUES convert to character set utf8;
alter table SORT_COLS convert to character set utf8;
alter table TABLE_PARAMS convert to character set utf8;
alter table TAB_COL_STATS convert to character set utf8;
alter table TBLS convert to character set utf8;
alter table VERSION convert to character set utf8;
-- alter table PART_COL_STATS convert to character set utf8;
SET character_set_client = utf8 ;
-- SET character_set_connection = utf8 ;
 
-- alter table PART_COL_STATS convert to character set utf8;
SET character_set_database = utf8 ;
SET character_set_results = utf8 ;
SET character_set_server = utf8 ;
-- SET collation_connection = utf8 ;
-- SET collation_database = utf8 ;
-- SET collation_server = utf8 ;
SET NAMES 'utf8';

修改后能够插入带有中文分区的表格，但是插入后虽然可以查询到数据已经插入，Hive仍然会报错

查看日志后定位到如下错误

2021-02-23T10:54:26,249 ERROR [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-248] exec.StatsTask: Failed to run stats task
org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: MetaException(message:Insert of object "org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartitionColumnStatistics@710c136f" using statement "INSERT INTO `PART_COL_STATS` (`CS_ID`,`AVG_COL_LEN`,`BIT_VECTOR`,`CAT_NAME`,`COLUMN_NAME`,`COLUMN_TYPE`,`DB_NAME`,`BIG_DECIMAL_HIGH_VALUE`,`BIG_DECIMAL_LOW_VALUE`,`DOUBLE_HIGH_VALUE`,`DOUBLE_LOW_VALUE`,`LAST_ANALYZED`,`LONG_HIGH_VALUE`,`LONG_LOW_VALUE`,`MAX_COL_LEN`,`NUM_DISTINCTS`,`NUM_FALSES`,`NUM_NULLS`,`NUM_TRUES`,`PART_ID`,`PARTITION_NAME`,`TABLE_NAME`) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)" failed : Incorrect string value: '\xE6\xB9\x96\xE5\x8C\x97' for column 'PARTITION_NAME' at row 1)

Mysql中查看metastore库的ART_COL_STATS表

use metastore;
-- show create table PART_COL_STATS;
show full columns from PART_COL_STATS;

部分字段结果如下

Field	Type	Collation
CS_ID	bigint(20)
CAT_NAME	varchar(256)	latin1_bin
DB_NAME	varchar(128)	latin1_bin
TABLE_NAME	varchar(256)	latin1_bin
PARTITION_NAME	varchar(500)	latin1_bin
COLUMN_NAME	varchar(767)	latin1_bin
COLUMN_TYPE	varchar(128)	latin1_bin
PART_ID	bigint(20)
LONG_LOW_VALUE	bigint(20)
LONG_HIGH_VALUE	bigint(20)
DOUBLE_HIGH_VALUE	double(53,4)
DOUBLE_LOW_VALUE	double(53,4)
BIG_DECIMAL_LOW_VALUE	varchar(4000)	latin1_bin
BIG_DECIMAL_HIGH_VALUE	varchar(4000)	latin1_bin
NUM_NULLS	bigint(20)
NUM_DISTINCTS	bigint(20)
BIT_VECTOR	blob
AVG_COL_LEN	double(53,4)
MAX_COL_LEN	bigint(20)
NUM_TRUES	bigint(20)
NUM_FALSES	bigint(20)
LAST_ANALYZED	bigint(20)

可以看到需要PARTITION_NAME字段编码仍然为latin1，因此需要将PARTITION_NAME字段编码修改为utf8

use metastore;
alter table PART_COL_STATS modify column PARTITION_NAME varchar(500) character set utf8;

修改后重新插入带有中文分区的表格，可以正常运行

参考案例如下

create database mydb;
use mydb;
-- ① 创建不带分区的stu表
create table stu
(
    name string,
    age  int
) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

-- ② 上传数据到hdfs对应目录

-- ③ 创建分区表emp
create table emp
(
    name string,
    age  int
)
    partitioned by (provice string)
    row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

-- ④ 插入数据含有中文分区的emp表中
insert into emp partition(provice = "湖北")
select * from stu;

参考资料：

hive报错Illegal mix of collations

Hive 解决中文分区问题 Illegal mix of collations

Hive 中文分区 展示 乱码 注释乱码问题