网络概念
在/etc/services
文件中有常用的和已经注册的端口列表
[root@desktop ~]# systemctl start NetworkManager
[root@desktop ~]# nmcli | nmtui
[root@desktop ~]# nmcli connection show
名称 UUID 类型 设备
eth0 69e0c7f5-fab0-48bb-894e-2afc2ce7b527 802-3-ethernet eth0
eth1 99b06102-e431-42de-bcbe-731c792c94f9 802-3-ethernet eth1
virbr0 30fd624b-6277-4ebf-8f43-a8dc9a94eca1 bridge virbr0
System eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet --
Wired connection 1 e1a7b088-2e84-32aa-9e81-cd04896e08cd 802-3-ethernet --
验证网络配置
# 1.显示IP地址
[student@localhost 桌面]$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:78:cc:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.183.130/24 brd 192.168.183.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
valid_lft 1316sec preferred_lft 1316sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe78:cc0c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/ether ba:f9:0f:70:f9:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#2.显示网络性能统计
[student@localhost 桌面]$ ip -s link show eno16777736
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:78:cc:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
6432138554 4475297 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
10298305 49941 0 0 0 0
#3. 显示路由器信息
[student@localhost 桌面]$ ip route
default via 192.168.183.2 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 1024
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1
192.168.183.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.183.130
# 4.ping
[student@localhost 桌面]$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=31.2 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=94.8 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=42.4 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 3 received, 25% packet loss, time 3004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.293/56.202/94.828/27.693 ms
# 5.跟踪数据包
[student@localhost 桌面]$ tracepath www.baidu.com
1: localhost 0.179ms pmtu 1500
1: localhost 0.442ms
1: localhost 0.347ms
2: no reply
# 6.端口和服务故障排除
[student@localhost 桌面]$ ss -ta
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:34362 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:domain *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.183.130:50896 120.24.222.231:ssh
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::38872 :::*
使用nmcli配置网络
NatworkManager是监控和管理网络设置的守护进程
显示所有连接列表
[student@localhost 桌面]$ nmcli con show
名称 UUID 类型 设备
virbr0 68150302-2b45-44f4-8f73-2392d26ec520 bridge virbr0
eno16777736 71d21143-8c54-46fe-9624-2ef730387524 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
显示连接的详细数据
[student@localhost 桌面]$ nmcli con show eno16777736
connection.id: eno16777736
connection.uuid: 71d21143-8c54-46fe-9624-2ef730387524
connection.interface-name: eno16777736
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.autoconnect: no
connection.timestamp: 1501516984
connection.read-only: no
...
显示设备状态和详细信息
[student@localhost 桌面]$ nmcli con show eno16777736
connection.id: eno16777736
connection.uuid: 71d21143-8c54-46fe-9624-2ef730387524
connection.interface-name: eno16777736
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.autoconnect: no
connection.timestamp: 1501516984
connection.read-only: no
添加DNS设置到静态连接中
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "static" ipv4.dns 202.131.124.4
添加更多的DNS
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "static" +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
注意:要使用额外的+符号,并且要是+ipv4.dns,而不是ip4.dns。
添加一个额外的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "static" +ipv4.addresses 192.168.200.1/24
使用命令刷新设置:/激活链接
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up eno1
nmcli命令摘要
命令 | 用途 |
---|---|
nmcli dev status | 列出所有设备 |
nmcli con show | 列出所有连接 |
nmcli con up “<\ID>” | 激活,更新 |
nmcli con down “<\ID>” | 取消激活 |
nmcli dev dis “<\dev>” | 断开接口 |
nmcli net off | 禁用所有管理接口 |
nmcli con add … | 添加新的连接 |
nmcli con mod “<\ID>”… | 修改连接 |
nmcli con del “<\ID>” | 删除连接 |
编辑网络配置文件
网络配置文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<name>
ifcfg文件
静态 | 动态 | 任意 |
---|---|---|
BOOTPROTO=none | BOOTPROTO=dhcp | ONBOOT=yes |
重启服务生效
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection reload
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection down "eno16777736"
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up "eno16777736"
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3)
配置主机名和名称解析
更改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname 名字
查看主机状态
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl status
Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
Icon name: computer
Chassis: n/a
Machine ID: 5fa8865ca05b4e478ef3a979acb3cfb5
Boot ID: 68eacfcc82984aea93e7ab678468ae38
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0 (Maipo)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:GA:server
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86_64
配置主机名解析
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6