Android HttpClient HttpUrlConnection用法总结

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-11 19:27:58 发布

Mr_LiaBin

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-11 19:27:58 发布

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分类专栏： Android开发文章标签： android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mr_liabill/article/details/50224753

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HttpClient

这个不用说了，Apache的API，但是不推荐使用了，在最新的api中甚至都把HttpClient去掉了。但是还是有必要掌握下HttpClient的用法的

GET方式

//先将参数放入List，再对参数进行URL编码
List<BasicNameValuePair> params = new LinkedList<BasicNameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param1", "中国"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param2", "value2"));

//对参数编码
String param = URLEncodedUtils.format(params, "UTF-8");

//baseUrl           
String baseUrl = "http://ubs.free4lab.com/php/method.php";

//将URL与参数拼接
HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(baseUrl + "?" + param);

HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

try {
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod); //发起GET请求

    Log.i(TAG, "resCode = " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); //获取响应码
    Log.i(TAG, "result = " + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"));//获取服务器响应内容
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
}

POST方法

//和GET方式一样，先将参数放入List
params = new LinkedList<BasicNameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param1", "Post方法"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param2", "第二个参数"));

try {
    HttpPost postMethod = new HttpPost(baseUrl);
    postMethod.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8")); //将参数填入POST Entity中

    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(postMethod); //执行POST方法
    Log.i(TAG, "resCode = " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); //获取响应码
    Log.i(TAG, "result = " + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8")); //获取响应内容

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
}

HttpClient传递复杂的参数,比如文件需要额外的jar包

常见问题

异常处理
协议异常ClientProtocolException: 无效的cookie 很多http请求需要提供登录凭证如果没有则协议异常
连接超时SocketTimeoutException: 无法连接到服务器比如服务器不可用那么就连接超时
套接字超时ConnectTimeoutException：既定时间内未收到服务器响应此时可以连接到服务器但是未收到响应那么套接字超时

HttpConnectionparam.setconnectiontimeout(param,5000)  //连接超时时间
HttpConnectionparam.setsotimeout(param,5000) //套接字连接超时
ConnManagerParams.settimeout(param,5000)  //连接管理器的超时 定义应用程序等待多久才让一个连接退出连接池的管理  比如连接池已经满了 新的连接就必须要等待了

使用try catch块来捕获

多线程问题
可以设置单例的httpclient 这样就可以共享设置的连接参数，但是单例的话多线程就会有问题
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 有多线程问题
比如两个线程都调用httpClient.execute(getMethod); getMethod使用的是同一个HttpGet对象那么毫无疑问多线程问题

HttpConnectionparam.setconnectiontimeout(params,5000)
HttpConnectionparam.setsotimeout(params,5000)
ConnManagerParams.settimeout(params,5000)
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(ThreadSafeClientManager conMgr,HttpParams params);

ThreadSafeClientManager负责管理所有的httpclient的http连接内部实现不会有多线程问题
此时的HttpParams作用在HttpClient上，所以可以供所有的HttpGet HttpPost对像共享

如果要定义自己的连接参数那么可以

HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(baseUrl + "?" + param);
HttpParams params= getMethod.getarams();
HttpConnectionparam.setconnectiontimeout(param,5000);
getMethod.setparams(params);

此时的HttpParams作用在HttpGet上，不会影响到HttpClient共享的连接参数

AndroidHttpClient

HttpClient子类适用于android开发人员 连接超时/套接字超时默认20s 默认是线程安全的ThreadSafeClientManager

HttpUrlConnection

HttpUrlConnection属于Java的标准类库
更轻量了推荐使用这个 4.4开始底层通过Okhttp来实现

HttpURLConnection的多线程问题？因为采取Okhttp的底层实现，是木有多线程的问题的，具体是为什么，需要研究

HttpURLConnection使用

1. HttpURLConnection连接URL
1)创建一个URL对象
URL url = new URL(http://www.baidu.com);

2)利用HttpURLConnection对象从网络中获取网页数据
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

3)设置连接超时
conn.setConnectTimeout(6*1000);

4)对响应码进行判断
if (conn.getResponseCode() != 200) //从Internet获取网页,发送请求,将网页以流的形式读回来
throw new RuntimeException(“请求url失败”);

5)得到网络返回的输入流
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
6)String result = readData(is, “GBK”); //文件流输入出文件用outStream.write
7)conn.disconnect();

总结:
- 记得设置连接超时,如果网络不好,Android系统在超过默认时间会收回资源中断操作.
- 返回的响应码200,是成功.
- 在Android中对文件流的操作和JAVA SE上面是一样的.
- 在对大文件的操作时,要将文件写到SDCard上面,不要直接写到手机内存上.
- 操作大文件是,要一遍从网络上读,一遍要往SDCard上面写,减少手机内存的使用.
- 对文件流操作完,要记得及时关闭.

2. 向Internet发送请求参数
步骤：
1)创建URL对象:URL realUrl = new URL(requestUrl);
2)通过HttpURLConnection对象,向网络地址发送请求
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
3)设置容许输出:conn.setDoOutput(true);
4)设置不使用缓存:conn.setUseCaches(false);
5)设置使用POST的方式发送:conn.setRequestMethod(“POST”);
6)设置维持长连接:conn.setRequestProperty(“Connection”, “Keep-Alive”);
7)设置文件字符集:conn.setRequestProperty(“Charset”, “UTF-8”);
8)设置文件长度:conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Length”, String.valueOf(data.length));
9)设置文件类型:conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”,”application/x-www-form-urlencoded”);
10)以流的方式输出.
总结:
- 发送POST请求必须设置允许输出
- 不要使用缓存,容易出现问题.
- 在开始用HttpURLConnection对象的setRequestProperty()设置,就是生成HTML文件头.

3. 向Internet发送xml数据
XML格式是通信的标准语言,Android系统也可以通过发送XML文件传输数据.
1)将生成的XML文件写入到byte数组中,并设置为UTF-8:byte[] xmlbyte = xml.toString().getBytes(“UTF-8”);
2)创建URL对象,并指定地址和参数:URL url = new URL(http://localhost:8080/itcast/contanctmanage.do?method=readxml);
3)获得链接:HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
4)设置连接超时:conn.setConnectTimeout(6* 1000);
5)设置允许输出conn.setDoOutput(true);
6)设置不使用缓存:conn.setUseCaches(false);
7)设置以POST方式传输:conn.setRequestMethod(“POST”);
8)维持长连接:conn.setRequestProperty(“Connection”, “Keep-Alive”);
9)设置字符集:conn.setRequestProperty(“Charset”, “UTF-8”);
10)设置文件的总长度:conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Length”, String.valueOf(xmlbyte.length));
11)设置文件类型:conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”, “text/xml; charset=UTF-8”);
12)以文件流的方式发送xml数据:outStream.write(xmlbyte);
总结:
- 我们使用的是用HTML的方式传输文件,这个方式只能传输一般在5M一下的文件.
- 传输大文件不适合用HTML的方式,传输大文件我们要面向Socket编程.确保程序的稳定性
- 将地址和参数存到byte数组中:byte[] data = params.toString().getBytes();

HttpClient还是HttpUrlConnection

参考 Android访问网络，使用HttpURLConnection还是HttpClient？
在Android 2.2版本之前，HttpClient拥有较少的bug，因此使用它是最好的选择。
而在Android 2.3版本及以后，HttpURLConnection则是最佳的选择。它的API简单，体积较小，因而非常适用于Android项目。压缩和缓存机制可以有效地减少网络访问的流量，在提升速度和省电方面也起到了较大的作用。对于新的应用程序应该更加偏向于使用HttpURLConnection，因为在以后的工作当中我们也会将更多的时间放在优化HttpURLConnection上面。

其实现在嘛，两者都不用，就用Okhttp
HttpUrlConnection现在的底层实现就是通过Okhttp

HttpURLConnection java的标准类(java.net)，什么都没封装，用起来太原始，不方便
HttpClient Apache开源框架，提供对HTTP协议访问的封装，包括http的请求头，参数，内容体，响应等及多线程的应用。
HttpClient方便，但是封装了太多，也可能导致网络请求速度变慢，灵活度不够
HttpClient就是一个增强版的HttpURLConnection ,HttpURLConnection可以做的事情 HttpClient全部可以做；HttpURLConnection没有提供的有些功能，HttpClient也提供了

Volley中两者的使用

我们知道Volley中api<=9使用的是HttpClientStack，内部使用HttpClient。api>9使用的是HurlStack，内部使用HttpUrlConnection

先来看HttpClientStack，使用起来很简单

    private static void addHeaders(HttpUriRequest httpRequest, Map<String, String> headers) {
        for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
            httpRequest.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
        }
    }
    @Override
    public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)
            throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
        HttpUriRequest httpRequest = createHttpRequest(request, additionalHeaders);
        addHeaders(httpRequest, additionalHeaders);  //缓存中的头
        addHeaders(httpRequest, request.getHeaders()); //request中的设置的头
        onPrepareRequest(httpRequest);
        HttpParams httpParams = httpRequest.getParams();
        int timeoutMs = request.getTimeoutMs();
        // TODO: Reevaluate this connection timeout based on more wide-scale
        // data collection and possibly different for wifi vs. 3G.
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 5000);
        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, timeoutMs);
        return mClient.execute(httpRequest); //调用HttpClient的excute方法，执行网络请求，最后直接返回HttpResponse
    }
    static HttpUriRequest createHttpRequest(Request<?> request,
            Map<String, String> additionalHeaders) throws AuthFailureError {
            case Method.GET:
                return new HttpGet(request.getUrl());
            case Method.POST: {
                HttpPost postRequest = new HttpPost(request.getUrl());
                postRequest.addHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType());
                setEntityIfNonEmptyBody(postRequest, request); //设置post请求参数
                return postRequest;
            ........
            }
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown request method.");
        }
    private static void setEntityIfNonEmptyBody(HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase httpRequest,
            Request<?> request) throws AuthFailureError {
        byte[] body = request.getBody();
        if (body != null) {
            HttpEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(body);
            httpRequest.setEntity(entity); //setEntity方法设置post请求参数
        }
    }

看吧，使用起来很方便简单，都是直接封装好了，，，下面来看HurlStack，使用起来就更负责了

   @Override
    public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)
            throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
        String url = request.getUrl();
        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.putAll(request.getHeaders()); //取出request设置的head
        map.putAll(additionalHeaders); //取出缓存中的Header，如果该request前面发起过网络请求，那么就会缓存下来，同时会把http的head也缓存
        ........
        URL parsedUrl = new URL(url);
        HttpURLConnection connection = openConnection(parsedUrl, request); //初始化HttpURLConnection对象
        for (String headerName : map.keySet()) {
            connection.addRequestProperty(headerName, map.get(headerName)); //设置Http请求的head
        }
        setConnectionParametersForRequest(connection, request);
        // Initialize HttpResponse with data from the HttpURLConnection.
        ProtocolVersion protocolVersion = new ProtocolVersion("HTTP", 1, 1);
        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
        if (responseCode == -1) {
            // -1 is returned by getResponseCode() if the response code could not be retrieved.
            // Signal to the caller that something was wrong with the connection.
            throw new IOException("Could not retrieve response code from HttpUrlConnection.");
        }
        StatusLine responseStatus = new BasicStatusLine(protocolVersion,
                connection.getResponseCode(), connection.getResponseMessage());
        BasicHttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(responseStatus); //HttpResponse需要自己创建
        if (hasResponseBody(request.getMethod(), responseStatus.getStatusCode())) {
            response.setEntity(entityFromConnection(connection)); //调用HttpResponse的setEntity方法设置相应内容
        }
        for (Entry<String, List<String>> header : connection.getHeaderFields().entrySet()) {
            if (header.getKey() != null) {
                Header h = new BasicHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue().get(0));
                response.addHeader(h); //调用HttpResponse的addHeader方法添加响应头
            }
        }
        return response;
    }
    private HttpURLConnection openConnection(URL url, Request<?> request) throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection connection = createConnection(url);

        int timeoutMs = request.getTimeoutMs();
        connection.setConnectTimeout(timeoutMs); //设置连接超时时间
        connection.setReadTimeout(timeoutMs); 
        connection.setUseCaches(false); //不使用缓存？
        connection.setDoInput(true); //允许输出

        // use caller-provided custom SslSocketFactory, if any, for HTTPS
        if ("https".equals(url.getProtocol()) && mSslSocketFactory != null) {
            ((HttpsURLConnection)connection).setSSLSocketFactory(mSslSocketFactory);
        }

        return connection;
    }
    //可以看到volley支持get，post，PUT等都支持的，符合http规范
    static void setConnectionParametersForRequest(HttpURLConnection connection,
            Request<?> request) throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
        switch (request.getMethod()) {
            case Method.GET:
                // Not necessary to set the request method because connection defaults to GET but
                // being explicit here.
                connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                break;
            case Method.POST:
                connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                addBodyIfExists(connection, request);
            ...........
        }
    }
    private static void addBodyIfExists(HttpURLConnection connection, Request<?> request)
            throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
        byte[] body = request.getBody();
        if (body != null) {
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType()); //request的getBodyContentType()方法可以设置Content-Type请求头
            DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
            out.write(body); //把getBody()返回的byte[]数组写入输入流，
            out.close();
        }
    }
    private static HttpEntity entityFromConnection(HttpURLConnection connection) {
        BasicHttpEntity entity = new BasicHttpEntity();
        InputStream inputStream;
        try {
            inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            inputStream = connection.getErrorStream();
        }
        entity.setContent(inputStream); //把响应内容写入HttpEntity
        entity.setContentLength(connection.getContentLength());
        entity.setContentEncoding(connection.getContentEncoding());
        entity.setContentType(connection.getContentType());
        return entity;
    }

看到两者的区别了吧？
HttpClient使用起来很简单

mClient.execute(httpRequest); 直接返回HttpResponse对象，这个对象封装了响应内容和响应头
httpRequest.setHeader(key, headers.get(key)); 给请求添加头
HttpEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(request.getBody()); httpRequest.setEntity(entity); //给请求添加post参数

HttpURLConnection使用麻烦多了
HttpResponse对象需要自己创建，并手动添加响应内容和响应头，这里创建的是BasicHttpResponse实现了HttpResponse接口

connection.addRequestProperty(headerName, map.get(headerName)); //设置Http请求的head
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream()); out.write(request.getBody()); //给请求添加post参数
response.addHeader(h); //调用HttpResponse的addHeader方法添加响应头
response.setEntity(entityFromConnection(connection)); //调用HttpResponse的setEntity方法设置相应内容