前言
本篇主要讲述spring Boot与RabbitMQ的整合,内容非常简单,纯API的调用操作。 操作之间需要加入依赖Jar
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
- lt;/dependency>
消息生产者
不论是创建消息消费者或生产者都需要ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory配置
创建AmqpConfig文件AmqpConfig.java(后期的配置都在该文件中)
- @Configuration
- public class AmqpConfig {
- public static final String EXCHANGE = "spring-boot-exchange";
- public static final String ROUTINGKEY = "spring-boot-routingKey";
- @Bean
- public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
- CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
- connectionFactory.setAddresses("127.0.0.1:5672");
- connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
- connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
- connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
- connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true); //必须要设置
- return connectionFactory;
- }
- }
这里需要显示调用
- connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);
- @Bean
- @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
- //必须是prototype类型
- public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
- RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
- return template;
- }
在发送消息时通过调用RabbitTemplate中的如下方法
- public void convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, final Object object, CorrelationData correlationData)
- exchange:交换机名称
-
routingKey:路由关键字
-
object:发送的消息内容
-
correlationData:消息ID
因此生产者代码详单简洁
Send.java
- @Component
- public class Send {
- private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
- /**
- * 构造方法注入
- */
- @Autowired
- public Send(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
- this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
- }
- public void sendMsg(String content) {
- CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
- rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfig.EXCHANGE, AmqpConfig.ROUTINGKEY, content, correlationId);
- }
- }
如果需要在生产者需要消息发送后的回调,需要对rabbitTemplate设置ConfirmCallback对象,由于不同的生产者需要对应不同的ConfirmCallback,如果rabbitTemplate设置为单例bean,则所有的rabbitTemplate
实际的ConfirmCallback为最后一次申明的ConfirmCallback。
下面给出完整的生产者代码:
- package com.lkl.springboot.amqp;
- import java.util.UUID;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- /**
- * 消息生产者
- *
- * @author liaokailin
- * @version $Id: Send.java, v 0.1 2015年11月01日 下午4:22:25 liaokailin Exp $
- */
- @Component
- public class Send implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
- private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
- /**
- * 构造方法注入
- */
- @Autowired
- public Send(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
- this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
- rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); //rabbitTemplate如果为单例的话,那回调就是最后设置的内容
- }
- public void sendMsg(String content) {
- CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
- rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfig.EXCHANGE, AmqpConfig.ROUTINGKEY, content, correlationId);
- }
- /**
- * 回调
- */
- @Override
- public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
- System.out.println(" 回调id:" + correlationData);
- if (ack) {
- System.out.println("消息成功消费");
- } else {
- System.out.println("消息消费失败:" + cause);
- }
- }
- }
消息消费者
消费者负责申明交换机(生产者也可以申明)、队列、两者的绑定操作。
交换机
- /**
- * 针对消费者配置
- FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列,无routingkey的概念
- HeadersExchange :通过添加属性key-value匹配
- DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
- TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
- */
- @Bean
- public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
- return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE);
- }
在Spring Boot中交换机继承AbstractExchange类
队列
- @Bean
- public Queue queue() {
- return new Queue("spring-boot-queue", true); //队列持久
- }
绑定
- @Bean
- public Binding binding() {
- return BindingBuilder.bind(queue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(AmqpConfig.ROUTINGKEY);
- }
完成以上工作后,在spring boot中通过消息监听容器实现消息的监听,在消息到来时执行回调操作。
消息消费
- @Bean
- public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer() {
- SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory());
- container.setQueues(queue());
- container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
- container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
- container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
- container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //设置确认模式手工确认
- container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
- @Override
- public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
- byte[] body = message.getBody();
- System.out.println("receive msg : " + new String(body));
- channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); //确认消息成功消费
- }
- });
- return container;
- }
下面给出完整的配置文件:
- package com.lkl.springboot.amqp;
- import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
- import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
- import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
- import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
- import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
- import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
- import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- /**
- * Qmqp Rabbitmq
- *
- * http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.4.5.RELEASE/reference/html/
- *
- * @author lkl
- * @version $Id: AmqpConfig.java, v 0.1 2015年11月01日 下午2:05:37 lkl Exp $
- */
- @Configuration
- public class AmqpConfig {
- public static final String EXCHANGE = "spring-boot-exchange";
- public static final String ROUTINGKEY = "spring-boot-routingKey";
- @Bean
- public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
- CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
- connectionFactory.setAddresses("127.0.0.1:5672");
- connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
- connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
- connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
- connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true); //必须要设置
- return connectionFactory;
- }
- @Bean
- @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
- //必须是prototype类型
- public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
- RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
- return template;
- }
- /**
- * 针对消费者配置
- * 1. 设置交换机类型
- * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机
- *
- *
- FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列,无routingkey的概念
- HeadersExchange :通过添加属性key-value匹配
- DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
- TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
- */
- @Bean
- public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
- return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE);
- }
- @Bean
- public Queue queue() {
- return new Queue("spring-boot-queue", true); //队列持久
- }
- @Bean
- public Binding binding() {
- return BindingBuilder.bind(queue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(AmqpConfig.ROUTINGKEY);
- }
- @Bean
- public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer() {
- SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory());
- container.setQueues(queue());
- container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
- container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
- container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
- container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //设置确认模式手工确认
- container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
- @Override
- public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
- byte[] body = message.getBody();
- System.out.println("receive msg : " + new String(body));
- channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); //确认消息成功消费
- }
- });
- return container;
- }
- }
以上完成 Spring Boot与RabbitMQ的整合
自动配置
在Spring Boot中实现了RabbitMQ的自动配置,在配置文件中添加如下配置信息
- spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
- spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
- spring.rabbitmq.username=test
- spring.rabbitmq.password=test
- spring.rabbitmq.virtualHost=test
后会自动创建ConnectionFactory以及RabbitTemplate对应Bean,为什么上面我们还需要手动什么呢?
自动创建的ConnectionFactory无法完成事件的回调,即没有设置下面的代码
- connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);