1 概念
xml : extended markup language
可扩展的标记类语言
编程类语言:数据分类+流程控制
描述性语言:让数据以指定格式保存、展示
特点1:标记:::使用标签封装数据:: <标签名 属性名=属性值 属性名=属性值 >数据</标签名>
特点2:可扩展:::标签/属性都是自定义
特点3:用于描述有关系的数据:::一般作为软件的配置文件(软件启动/运行过程中需要加载的配置信息)
2 创建xml
xml是纯文本类型的语言:只要可以操作文本的软件都可以作为xml的编辑软件
xml文件的解析:通过浏览器(内置有解析xml文件的引擎)
xml文件的后缀名必须是.xml
xml文件有两部分组成:声明区+数据区
声明区:对xml文件的整体属性的设置:版本version(协议版本) encoding(中文必须有编码集)
数据区:当前xml存储的所有数据
标记类语言的注释:<!--注释的内容-->
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<dangAn>
<class id="java43">
<student sid="stu_43_1">
<name>韩梅梅</name>
<age>18</age>
<sex>女</sex>
<score>98.5</score>
</student>
<student sid="stu_43_2">
<name>韩寒</name>
<age>28</age>
<sex>男</sex>
<score>48.5</score>
</student>
<student sid="stu_43_3">
<name>韩非子</name>
<age>88</age>
<sex>男</sex>
<score>99.5</score>
</student>
</class>
<class id="java42">
<student sid="stu_42_1">
<name>张三</name>
<age>18</age>
<sex>女</sex>
<score>96.5</score>
</student>
<student sid="stu_42_2">
<name>张无忌</name>
<age>68</age>
<sex>男</sex>
<score>46.5</score>
</student>
<student sid="stu_42_3">
<name>张翠山</name>
<age>38</age>
<sex>男</sex>
<score>96.5</score>
<hehe>1<a>3<b>4<d></hehe>
<code>
<![CDATA[
<a>hehe</a>
]]>
<a>hehe</a>
</code>
</student>
</class>
</dangAn>
3 使用dom对xml进行增删改查
概念
dom:document object model : 文档对象模型
把xml文档及其中的所有元素都封装为对象 这些有关系的对象形成dom树
simple api for xml:民间组织为读取xml 创建的api
sax只提供给了 对xml快速读取的方法 没有提供增删改的方法
它逐行扫描文档,一边扫描一边解析
api:帮助文档:::接口 类 方法的集合
1 dom解析需要把文档及其所有元素都封装为对象 比较占内存 不宜与读取大文件
sax实现xml文件的快速扫描:占用内存少 适合于读取大文件
2 dom解析支持对xml的增删改查
sax只支持读取:不支持增删改
查询
package day17_xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Comment;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
public class Demo01CRUD {
static String path="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\学校.xml";
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Document doc=readXml2doc(path);
NodeList list=doc.getElementsByTagName("class");
for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println(i+"::"+list.item(i));
Node node=list.item(i);
System.out.println("getNodeName:"+node.getNodeName());
System.out.println("getNodeValue:"+node.getNodeValue());
System.out.println("getNodeType:"+node.getNodeType());
Node parent=node.getParentNode();
System.out.println("父节点的名字:"+parent.getNodeName());
NodeList children=node.getChildNodes();
for (int j = 0; j < children.getLength(); j++) {
Node zi=children.item(j);
System.out.println(i+":::"+j+"::::"+zi.getNodeName()+":::"+zi.getNodeType());
}
Element ele=(Element)node;
System.out.println("获取标签文本内容:getTextContent="+ele.getTextContent());
System.out.println("获取指定的标签属性:getAttribute(\"id\")="+ele.getAttribute("id"));
NamedNodeMap map=ele.getAttributes();
for (int j = 0; j < map.getLength(); j++) {
Attr attr=(Attr)map.item(j);
System.out.println("属性:"+attr.getName()+"="+attr.getValue());
}
System.out.println("-------");
}
bianLi(doc);
}
public static Document readXml2doc(String path)throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
return builder.parse(new File(path));
}
}
遍历
public static void bianLi(Node node)throws Exception{
if(node instanceof Text) {
Text text=(Text)node;
System.out.println("文本::"+node.getNodeType()+":"+node.getNodeName()+":"+text.getTextContent());
return;
}
if(node instanceof Comment) {
Comment comment=(Comment)node;
System.out.println("注释::"+node.getNodeType()+":"+node.getNodeName()+":"+comment.getTextContent());
return;
}
if(node instanceof Element) {
Element ele=(Element)node;
System.out.println("标签::"+node.getNodeType()+":"+node.getNodeName());
NamedNodeMap attrs=ele.getAttributes();
for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++) {
Attr attr=(Attr)attrs.item(i);
System.out.println("标签:"+node.getNodeName()+"的属性:"+attr.getNodeType()+"::"+attr.getName()+"="+attr.getValue());
}
NodeList zis=ele.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0;zis!=null&& i < zis.getLength(); i++) {
bianLi(zis.item(i));
}
}
if(node instanceof Document) {
System.out.println("文档::"+node.getNodeType()+":"+node.getNodeName());
Document doc=(Document)node;
NodeList zis=doc.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0;zis!=null&& i < zis.getLength(); i++) {
bianLi(zis.item(i));
}
}
}
修改
package day17_xml;
..
public class Demo02CRUD {
static String path="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\学校.xml";
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Document doc=readXml2doc(path);
Element classEle=(Element)doc.getElementsByTagName("class").item(0);
NodeList stus1=classEle.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < stus1.getLength(); i++) {
Element stu=(Element)stus1.item(i);
Element sco=(Element)stu.getElementsByTagName("score").item(0);
sco.setTextContent(Double.parseDouble(sco.getTextContent())+1+"");
Element name=(Element)stu.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0);
name.setTextContent(name.getTextContent()+"同学");
stu.setAttribute("sid", stu.getAttribute("sid")+"_0");
}
writeDoc2Xml(doc,path);
}
public static Document readXml2doc(String path)throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
return builder.parse(new File(path));
}
public static void writeDoc2Xml(Document doc,String path)throws Exception{
TransformerFactory factory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer former=factory.newTransformer();
former.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf-8");
former.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
Source source=new DOMSource(doc);
Result result=new StreamResult(new File(path));
former.transform(source, result);
}
}
删除
package day17_xml;
...
public class Demo02CRUD {
static String path="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\学校.xml";
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Document doc=readXml2doc(path);
Element classEle=(Element)doc.getElementsByTagName("class").item(0);
classEle.removeAttribute("a");
Element classStu=(Element)classEle.getElementsByTagName("student").item(0);
System.out.println(classEle.removeChild(classStu).getNodeName());
writeDoc2Xml(doc,path);
}
public static Document readXml2doc(String path)throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
return builder.parse(new File(path));
}
public static void writeDoc2Xml(Document doc,String path)throws Exception{
TransformerFactory factory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer former=factory.newTransformer();
former.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf-8");
former.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
Source source=new DOMSource(doc);
Result result=new StreamResult(new File(path));
former.transform(source, result);
}
}
添加
package day17_xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.omg.CORBA.NameValuePair;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Comment;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
public class Demo02CRUD {
static String path="C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\学校.xml";
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Document doc=readXml2doc(path);
Element classEle=(Element)doc.getElementsByTagName("class").item(0);
classEle.setAttribute("className", "className_value");
Element stuNew=doc.createElement("student");
stuNew.setAttribute("sid", "新来的学生的学号");
Element nameNew=doc.createElement("name");
Element sexNew=doc.createElement("sex");
Element ageNew=doc.createElement("age");
Element dyNew=doc.createElement("dy");
nameNew.setTextContent("新来的");
sexNew.setTextContent("女");
ageNew.setTextContent("18");
dyNew.setTextContent("true");
stuNew.appendChild(dyNew);stuNew.appendChild(nameNew);
stuNew.appendChild(sexNew);stuNew.appendChild(ageNew);
classEle.appendChild(stuNew);
writeDoc2Xml(doc,path);
}
public static Document readXml2doc(String path)throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
return builder.parse(new File(path));
}
public static void writeDoc2Xml(Document doc,String path)throws Exception{
TransformerFactory factory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer former=factory.newTransformer();
former.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf-8");
former.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
Source source=new DOMSource(doc);
Result result=new StreamResult(new File(path));
former.transform(source, result);
}
}
4 练习
使用xml对Teacher进行增删改查
package day17_xml_socket;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Teacher implements Serializable {
private Integer tid;
private String tname;
private String tsex;
private Double tsalary;
private Boolean tdy;
public Integer getTid() {
return tid;
}
public void setTid(Integer tid) {
this.tid = tid;
}
public String getTname() {
return tname;
}
public void setTname(String tname) {
this.tname = tname;
}
public String getTsex() {
return tsex;
}
public void setTsex(String tsex) {
this.tsex = tsex;
}
public Double getTsalary() {
return tsalary;
}
public void setTsalary(Double tsalary) {
this.tsalary = tsalary;
}
public Boolean getTdy() {
return tdy;
}
public void setTdy(Boolean tdy) {
this.tdy = tdy;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher [tid=" + tid + ", tname=" + tname + ", tsex=" + tsex + ", tsalary=" + tsalary + ", tdy=" + tdy
+ "]";
}
public Teacher(Integer tid, String tname, String tsex, Double tsalary, Boolean tdy) {
super();
this.tid = tid;
this.tname = tname;
this.tsex = tsex;
this.tsalary = tsalary;
this.tdy = tdy;
}
public Teacher() {}
}
package day17_xml_socket;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
public class TeacherCrudUtil {
static String fileName="src/day17_xml/Teacher.xml";
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
addOne(new Teacher(1000+i,
UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").substring(1,10),
Math.random()>0.5?"男":"女",
(int)(Math.random()*1001)/10.0,
Math.random()>0.5));
}
System.out.println("获取所有::"+getAll());
System.out.println("删除一个::"+deleteOne(1001));
System.out.println("修改一个::"+updateOne(new Teacher(1002, "老二", "男", 11.0, true)));
System.out.println("获取一个:"+getOne(1002));
}
public static int addOne(Teacher t) {
Document doc=readXml2Doc();
Element root=(Element)doc.getElementsByTagName("dangAn").item(0);
Element eleTea=doc.createElement("Teacher");
eleTea.setAttribute("tid", t.getTid()+"");
Element eleTname=doc.createElement("tname");
Element eleTdy=doc.createElement("tdy");
Element eleTsalary=doc.createElement("tsalary");
Element eleTsex=doc.createElement("tsex");
eleTdy.setTextContent(t.getTdy()+"");
eleTname.setTextContent(t.getTname()+"");
eleTsalary.setTextContent(t.getTsalary()+"");
eleTsex.setTextContent(t.getTsex()+"");
eleTea.appendChild(eleTname);
eleTea.appendChild(eleTsex);
eleTea.appendChild(eleTsalary);
eleTea.appendChild(eleTdy);
root.appendChild(eleTea);
writeDoc2Xml(doc);
return 1;
}
public static List<Teacher> getAll() {
Document doc=readXml2Doc();
List<Teacher> list=new ArrayList<Teacher>();
NodeList nodes=doc.getElementsByTagName("Teacher");
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
Element eleTea=(Element)nodes.item(i);
int tid=Integer.parseInt(eleTea.getAttribute("tid"));
String tname=eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tname").item(0).getTextContent();
String tsex=eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tsex").item(0).getTextContent();
boolean tdy=Boolean.parseBoolean(eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tdy").item(0).getTextContent());
double tsalary=Double.parseDouble(eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tsalary").item(0).getTextContent());
list.add(new Teacher(tid, tname, tsex, tsalary, tdy));
}
return list;
}
public static Teacher getOne(int tid) {
Document doc=readXml2Doc();
NodeList nodes=doc.getElementsByTagName("Teacher");
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
Element eleTea=(Element)nodes.item(i);
int tidAttr=Integer.parseInt(eleTea.getAttribute("tid"));
if(tidAttr==tid) {
String tname=eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tname").item(0).getTextContent();
String tsex=eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tsex").item(0).getTextContent();
boolean tdy=Boolean.parseBoolean(eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tdy").item(0).getTextContent());
double tsalary=Double.parseDouble(eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tsalary").item(0).getTextContent());
return new Teacher(tid, tname, tsex, tsalary, tdy);
}
}
return null;
}
public static int deleteOne(int tid) {
Document doc=readXml2Doc();
NodeList nodes=doc.getElementsByTagName("Teacher");
int hang=0;
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
Element eleTea=(Element)nodes.item(i);
int tidAttr=Integer.parseInt(eleTea.getAttribute("tid"));
if(tidAttr==tid) {
eleTea.getParentNode().removeChild(eleTea);
hang=1;
break;
}
}
if(hang==1) {
writeDoc2Xml(doc);
}
return hang;
}
public static int updateOne(Teacher teacher) {
Document doc=readXml2Doc();
NodeList nodes=doc.getElementsByTagName("Teacher");
int hang=0;
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
Element eleTea=(Element)nodes.item(i);
int tidAttr=Integer.parseInt(eleTea.getAttribute("tid"));
if(tidAttr==teacher.getTid()) {
eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tname").item(0).setTextContent(teacher.getTname());
eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tsex").item(0).setTextContent(teacher.getTsex());
eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tdy").item(0).setTextContent(teacher.getTdy()+"");
eleTea.getElementsByTagName("tsalary").item(0).setTextContent(teacher.getTsalary()+"");
hang=1;
break;
}
}
if(hang==1) {
writeDoc2Xml(doc);
}
return hang;
}
public static Document readXml2Doc(){
File file=new File(fileName);
try {
if(!file.exists()) {
BufferedWriter bout=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
bout.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>");
bout.newLine();
bout.flush();
bout.write("<dangAn> </dangAn>");
bout.flush();
bout.close();
}
return DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().parse(file);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static void writeDoc2Xml(Document doc) {
try {
Transformer tf=TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
tf.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
tf.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
tf.transform(new DOMSource(doc), new StreamResult(new File(fileName)));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}