Android的APP启动过程分析

Android应用程序，以ActivityThread.main()做为主入口

下图展示了Application以及Activity的创建过程

1、创建Application

每个应用程序在第一次启动时，都会先创建一个Application对象。Application对象，是通过ActivityThread的handleBindApplication()创建的

private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
            Application app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);//创建Application对象
            mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);//调用Application.onCreate
    }

2、创建Activity
Activity对象，是通过ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity()中的performLaunchActivity()创建的

private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        
        Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);

        if (a != null) {
            r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
            Bundle oldState = r.state;
            handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward);

		......

} else { ...... } }

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");

        ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
        if (r.packageInfo == null) {
            r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
                    Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
        }

        ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
        if (component == null) {
            component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
                mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
            r.intent.setComponent(component);
        }

        if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
            component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
                    r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
        }

        Activity activity = null;
        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
            activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
            StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
            r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
            if (r.state != null) {
                r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to instantiate activity " + component
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }

        try {
            Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);

            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                    TAG, r + ": app=" + app
                    + ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
                    + ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
                    + ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
                    + ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());

            if (activity != null) {
                ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl();
                appContext.init(r.packageInfo, r.token, this);
                appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
                CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
                Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
                if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
                        + r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
                activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config);

                if (customIntent != null) {
                    activity.mIntent = customIntent;
                }
                r.lastNonConfigurationInstances = null;
                activity.mStartedActivity = false;
                int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
                if (theme != 0) {
                    activity.setTheme(theme);
                }

                activity.mCalled = false;
                mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
                if (!activity.mCalled) {
                    throw new SuperNotCalledException(
                        "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
                        " did not call through to super.onCreate()");
                }
                r.activity = activity;
                r.stopped = true;
                if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
                    activity.performStart();
                    r.stopped = false;
                }
                if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
                    if (r.state != null) {
                        mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
                    }
                }
                if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
                    activity.mCalled = false;
                    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
                    if (!activity.mCalled) {
                        throw new SuperNotCalledException(
                            "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
                            " did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
                    }
                }
            }
            r.paused = true;

            mActivities.put(r.token, r);

        } catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to start activity " + component
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }

        return activity;
    }

根据文章刚开始描述应用启动过程的时序图，列出部分关键代码：

ActivityThread

主入口main

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Looper. prepareMainLooper();
    if ( sMainThreadHandler == null ) {
        sMainThreadHandler = new Handler();
    }

    ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
    thread.attach( false);
  
    Looper.loop();
}

private void attach( boolean system) {
    sThreadLocal.set( this );
    mSystemThread = system;
    if (!system) {
        IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
        try {
            mgr.attachApplication( mAppThread );//mAppThread是一个ApplicationThread实例
        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
            // Ignore
        }
    } else {
        // Don't set application object here -- if the system crashes,
        // we can't display an alert, we just want to die die die.
    }
}

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
            switch (msg.what) {
                case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
                    ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;

                    r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                            r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
                    handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                } break;
                case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityRestart");
                    ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
                    handleRelaunchActivity(r);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                } break;
                case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
                    handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, msg.arg1 != 0, msg.arg2);
                    maybeSnapshot();
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
                    handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, true, msg.arg1 != 0, msg.arg2);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case STOP_ACTIVITY_SHOW:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStop");
                    handleStopActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, true, msg.arg2);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case STOP_ACTIVITY_HIDE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStop");
                    handleStopActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, msg.arg2);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case SHOW_WINDOW:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityShowWindow");
                    handleWindowVisibility((IBinder)msg.obj, true);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case HIDE_WINDOW:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityHideWindow");
                    handleWindowVisibility((IBinder)msg.obj, false);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case RESUME_ACTIVITY:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityResume");
                    handleResumeActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, true,
                            msg.arg1 != 0);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case SEND_RESULT:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityDeliverResult");
                    handleSendResult((ResultData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case DESTROY_ACTIVITY:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityDestroy");
                    handleDestroyActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, msg.arg1 != 0,
                            msg.arg2, false);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case BIND_APPLICATION:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "bindApplication");
                    AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
                    handleBindApplication(data);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case EXIT_APPLICATION:
                    if (mInitialApplication != null) {
                        mInitialApplication.onTerminate();
                    }
                    Looper.myLooper().quit();
                    break;
                case NEW_INTENT:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityNewIntent");
                    handleNewIntent((NewIntentData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case RECEIVER:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "broadcastReceiveComp");
                    handleReceiver((ReceiverData)msg.obj);
                    maybeSnapshot();
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case CREATE_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceCreate");
                    handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case BIND_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
                    handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case UNBIND_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceUnbind");
                    handleUnbindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case SERVICE_ARGS:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceStart");
                    handleServiceArgs((ServiceArgsData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case STOP_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceStop");
                    handleStopService((IBinder)msg.obj);
                    maybeSnapshot();
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case REQUEST_THUMBNAIL:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "requestThumbnail");
                    handleRequestThumbnail((IBinder)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "configChanged");
                    handleConfigurationChanged((Configuration)msg.obj, null);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case CLEAN_UP_CONTEXT:
                    ContextCleanupInfo cci = (ContextCleanupInfo)msg.obj;
                    cci.context.performFinalCleanup(cci.who, cci.what);
                    break;
                case GC_WHEN_IDLE:
                    scheduleGcIdler();
                    break;
                case DUMP_SERVICE:
                    handleDumpService((DumpComponentInfo)msg.obj);
                    break;
                case LOW_MEMORY:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "lowMemory");
                    handleLowMemory();
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case ACTIVITY_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityConfigChanged");
                    handleActivityConfigurationChanged((IBinder)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case PROFILER_CONTROL:
                    handleProfilerControl(msg.arg1 != 0, (ProfilerControlData)msg.obj, msg.arg2);
                    break;
                case CREATE_BACKUP_AGENT:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "backupCreateAgent");
                    handleCreateBackupAgent((CreateBackupAgentData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case DESTROY_BACKUP_AGENT:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "backupDestroyAgent");
                    handleDestroyBackupAgent((CreateBackupAgentData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case SUICIDE:
                    Process.killProcess(Process.myPid());
                    break;
                case REMOVE_PROVIDER:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "providerRemove");
                    completeRemoveProvider((ProviderRefCount)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case ENABLE_JIT:
                    ensureJitEnabled();
                    break;
                case DISPATCH_PACKAGE_BROADCAST:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "broadcastPackage");
                    handleDispatchPackageBroadcast(msg.arg1, (String[])msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case SCHEDULE_CRASH:
                    throw new RemoteServiceException((String)msg.obj);
                case DUMP_HEAP:
                    handleDumpHeap(msg.arg1 != 0, (DumpHeapData)msg.obj);
                    break;
                case DUMP_ACTIVITY:
                    handleDumpActivity((DumpComponentInfo)msg.obj);
                    break;
                case DUMP_PROVIDER:
                    handleDumpProvider((DumpComponentInfo)msg.obj);
                    break;
                case SLEEPING:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "sleeping");
                    handleSleeping((IBinder)msg.obj, msg.arg1 != 0);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case SET_CORE_SETTINGS:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "setCoreSettings");
                    handleSetCoreSettings((Bundle) msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case UPDATE_PACKAGE_COMPATIBILITY_INFO:
                    handleUpdatePackageCompatibilityInfo((UpdateCompatibilityData)msg.obj);
                    break;
                case TRIM_MEMORY:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "trimMemory");
                    handleTrimMemory(msg.arg1);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case UNSTABLE_PROVIDER_DIED:
                    handleUnstableProviderDied((IBinder)msg.obj, false);
                    break;
            }
            if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, "<<< done: " + codeToString(msg.what));
        }

public final void bindApplication(String processName,
                ApplicationInfo appInfo, List<ProviderInfo> providers,
                ComponentName instrumentationName, String profileFile,
                ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, boolean autoStopProfiler,
                Bundle instrumentationArgs, IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
                int debugMode, boolean enableOpenGlTrace, boolean isRestrictedBackupMode,
                boolean persistent, Configuration config, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
                Map<String, IBinder> services, Bundle coreSettings) {

            queueOrSendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
        }

ActivityManagerService

private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
        int pid) {   
    ProcessRecord app;
    if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) {
        synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked ) {
            app = mPidsSelfLocked .get(pid);
        }
    } else {
        app = null ;
    }
    

    try {       
        thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers,
                app. instrumentationClass , profileFile, profileFd, profileAutoStop,
                app. instrumentationArguments , app.instrumentationWatcher , testMode,
                enableOpenGlTrace, isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent ,
                new Configuration(mConfiguration ), app. compat, getCommonServicesLocked(),
                mCoreSettingsObserver .getCoreSettingsLocked());
        updateLruProcessLocked(app, false , true );
    } catch (Exception e) {
 
    }

    return true ;
}

ActivityThread.ApplicationThread

public final void bindApplication(String processName,
                ApplicationInfo appInfo, List<ProviderInfo> providers,
                ComponentName instrumentationName, String profileFile,
                ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, boolean autoStopProfiler,
                Bundle instrumentationArgs, IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
                int debugMode, boolean enableOpenGlTrace, boolean isRestrictedBackupMode,
                boolean persistent, Configuration config, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
                Map<String, IBinder> services, Bundle coreSettings) {

            ......
            queueOrSendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
        }