RocketMQ消息发送样例
- 导入MQ客户端依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId>
<artifactId>rocketmq-client</artifactId>
<version>4.4.0</version>
</dependency>
- 消息发送者步骤分析
1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
2.指定NameServer地址
3.启动producer
4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
5.发送消息
6.关闭生产者producer
- 消息消费者步骤分析
1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
2.指定NameServer地址
3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
4.设置回调函数,处理消息
5.启动消费者consumer
基本样例
消息发送
1) 发送同步消息
这种可靠性同步地发送方式使用的比较广泛,比如:重要的消息通知,短信通知。
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.base.producer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 发送同步消息
*/
public class SyncProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("base", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
//5.发送消息
SendResult result = producer.send(msg);
//发送状态
SendStatus status = result.getSendStatus();
//消息ID
String msgId = result.getMsgId();
//消息接收队列ID
int queueId = result.getMessageQueue().getQueueId();
System.out.println("发送结果:" + result + ",消息ID:"+ msgId + ",队列ID:" + queueId);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
//6.关闭生产者producer
producer.shutdown();
}
}
执行结果:
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF68E20000, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001234, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=0], queueOffset=7],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF68E20000,队列ID:0
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF6CDE0001, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F000000000000131D, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=1], queueOffset=5],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF6CDE0001,队列ID:1
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF70C90002, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001406, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=2], queueOffset=4],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF70C90002,队列ID:2
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF74B50003, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F00000000000014EF, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=3], queueOffset=4],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF74B50003,队列ID:3
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF78A00004, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F00000000000015D8, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=0], queueOffset=8],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF78A00004,队列ID:0
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF7C8C0005, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F00000000000016C1, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=1], queueOffset=6],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF7C8C0005,队列ID:1
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF80770006, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F00000000000017AA, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=2], queueOffset=5],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF80770006,队列ID:2
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF84640007, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001893, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=3], queueOffset=5],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF84640007,队列ID:3
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF88500008, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F000000000000197C, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=0], queueOffset=9],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF88500008,队列ID:0
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=0200000173A418B4AAC284BF8C3B0009, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001A65, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=1], queueOffset=7],消息ID:0200000173A418B4AAC284BF8C3B0009,队列ID:1
2) 发送异步消息
异步消息通常用在对响应时间敏感的业务场景,即发送端不能容忍长时间等待Broker的响应。
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.base.producer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendCallback;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 发送异步消息
*/
public class AsyncProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("base", "Tag2", ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
//5.发送异步消息
producer.send(msg, new SendCallback() {
/**
* 发送成功的回调函数
* @param sendResult
*/
@Override
public void onSuccess(SendResult sendResult) {
System.out.println("发送结果:" + sendResult);
}
/**
* 发送失败的回调函数
* @param throwable
*/
@Override
public void onException(Throwable throwable) {
System.out.println("发送异常:" + throwable);
}
});
//线程睡1秒
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
//6.关闭生产者producer
producer.shutdown();
}
}
执行结果:
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C228090000, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001B4E, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=2], queueOffset=6]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C228090001, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001C37, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=3], queueOffset=6]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C228260002, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001D20, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=1], queueOffset=8]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C22C0E0003, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001E09, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=3], queueOffset=7]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C22FF70004, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001EF2, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=0], queueOffset=10]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C233DF0005, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000001FDB, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=0], queueOffset=11]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C237C80006, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F00000000000020C4, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=2], queueOffset=7]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C23BB00007, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F00000000000021AD, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=1], queueOffset=9]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C23F990008, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F0000000000002296, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=3], queueOffset=8]
发送结果:SendResult [sendStatus=SEND_OK, msgId=02000001874C18B4AAC284C243810009, offsetMsgId=C0A84B8000002A9F000000000000237F, messageQueue=MessageQueue [topic=base, brokerName=broker-b, queueId=0], queueOffset=12]
3) 单向发送消息
这种方式主要用在不特别关心发送结果的场景,例如日志发送。
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.base.producer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 发送单向消息
*/
public class OneWayProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, InterruptedException, RemotingException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("base", "Tag3", ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
//5.发送单向消息
producer.sendOneway(msg);
//线程睡1秒
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10000);
}
producer.shutdown();
}
}
执行结果:
无返回结果输出
Process finished with exit code -1
消费消息
1) 负载均衡模式
消费者采用负载均衡方式消费消息,多个消费者共同消费队列消息,每个消费者处理的消息不同
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.base.consumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 消息的接收者
*/
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("base", "Tag1");
//设定消费模式:负载均衡(默认)|广播模式
consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.CLUSTERING);
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
System.out.println(list);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
}
}
2) 广播模式
消费者采用广播的方式消费消息,每个消费者消费的消息都是相同的。
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.base.consumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 消息的接收者
*/
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("base", "Tag1");
//设定消费模式:负载均衡(默认)|广播模式
consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.BROADCASTING);
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
System.out.println(list);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
}
}
顺序消息
消息有序指的是可以按照消息的发送顺序来消费(FIFO)。RocketMQ可以严格的保证消息有序,可以分为分区有序或者全局有序。
顺序消息的原理解析:在默认的情况下消息发送会采取Round Robin轮询方式把消息发送到不同的queue(分区队列);而消费消息的时候从多个queue上拉取消息,这种情况发送和消费是不能保证顺序。但是如果控制发送的顺序消息只依次发送到同一个queue中,消费的时候只能从这个queue上依次拉取,则就保证了顺序。当发送和消费参与的queue只有一个,则是全局有序;如果多个queue参与,则为分区有序,即相对每个queue,消息都是有序的。
下面用订单进行分区有序的示例,一个订单的顺序流程是:创建、付款、推送、完成。订单号相同的消息会被先后发送到同一个队列中,消费时,同一OrderId获取到的肯定是同一个队列。
顺序实体类
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.order;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 订单实体类
*/
public class OrderStep {
private long orderId;
private String desc;
public long getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(long orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderStep{" +
"orderId=" + orderId +
", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
'}';
}
public static List<OrderStep> buildOrders() {
// 1039L : 创建 付款 推送 完成
// 1065L : 创建 付款
// 7235L :创建 付款
List<OrderStep> orderList = new ArrayList<OrderStep>();
OrderStep orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1039L);
orderDemo.setDesc("创建");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1065L);
orderDemo.setDesc("创建");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1039L);
orderDemo.setDesc("付款");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(7235L);
orderDemo.setDesc("创建");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1065L);
orderDemo.setDesc("付款");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(7235L);
orderDemo.setDesc("付款");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1065L);
orderDemo.setDesc("完成");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1039L);
orderDemo.setDesc("推送");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(7235L);
orderDemo.setDesc("完成");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
orderDemo = new OrderStep();
orderDemo.setOrderId(1039L);
orderDemo.setDesc("完成");
orderList.add(orderDemo);
return orderList;
}
}
顺序消息生产
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.order;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.MessageQueueSelector;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Producer,发送顺序消息
*/
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
//构建消息集合
List<OrderStep> orderSteps = OrderStep.buildOrders();
//发送消息
for (int i = 0; i < orderSteps.size(); i++) {
Message msg = new Message("OrderTopic", "Order", "i" + i, orderSteps.get(i).toString().getBytes());
/**
* 参数一:消息对象
* 参数二:消息队列的选择器
* 参数三:选择队列的业务标识(订单ID)
*/
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {
/**
*
* @param list: 队列集合
* @param message:消息对象
* @param o: 业务标识的参数
* @return
*/
@Override
public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> list, Message message, Object o) {
long orderId = (long) o;
long index = orderId % list.size();
return list.get((int) index);
}
}, orderSteps.get(i).getOrderId());
System.out.println("发送结果:" + sendResult);
}
producer.shutdown();
}
}
顺序消息消费
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.order;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerOrderly;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import java.util.List;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指的Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic
consumer.subscribe("OrderTopic", "*");
//4.注册消息监听器
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {
/**
*
* @param list
* @param consumeOrderlyContext
* @return
*/
@Override
public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeOrderlyContext consumeOrderlyContext) {
for (MessageExt msg : list) {
System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ";消费消息:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
}
return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者
consumer.start();
System.out.println("消费者启动");
}
}
延时消息
比如电商里,提交了一个订单就可以发送一个延时消息,1h后去检查这个订单的状态,如果还是未付款就取消订单释放库存。
启动消息消费者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.delay;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import java.util.List;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("DelayTopic", "*");
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
for (MessageExt msg : list) {
System.out.println("消息ID:" + msg.getMsgId() + ",延迟时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - msg.getStoreTimestamp()));
}
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
System.out.println("消费者启动");
}
}
发送延时消息
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.delay;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, RemotingException, MQClientException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("DelayTopic", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
//设置延迟时间等级3,这个消息将在10s之后发送(现在只支持固定的几个时间,详看delayTimeLevel)
msg.setDelayTimeLevel(3);
//5.发送消息
SendResult result = producer.send(msg, 100000);
//发送状态
SendStatus status = result.getSendStatus();
//消息ID
String msgId = result.getMsgId();
//消息接收队列ID
int queueId = result.getMessageQueue().getQueueId();
System.out.println("发送结果:" + result + ",消息ID:"+ msgId + ",队列ID:" + queueId);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
//6.关闭生产者producer
producer.shutdown();
}
}
验证
您将会看到消息的消费比存储时间晚10秒
使用限制
// org/apache/rocketmq/store/config/MessageStoreConfig.java
private String messageDelayLevel = "1s 5s 10s 30s 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 20m 30m 1h 2h";
现在RocketMq并不支持任意时间的延时,需要设置几个固定的延时等级,从1s到2h分别对应着等级1到18
批量消息
批量发送消息能显著提高传递消息的性能。限制是这些批量消息应该有相同的topic,相同的waitStoreMsgOK,而且不能是延时消息。此外,这一批消息的总大小不应超过4MB。
发送批量消息
如果您每次只发送不超过4MB的消息,则很容易使用批处理,样例如下:
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.batch;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
List<Message> msgs = new ArrayList<>();
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg1 = new Message("BatchTopic", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + 1).getBytes());
Message msg2 = new Message("BatchTopic", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + 2).getBytes());
Message msg3 = new Message("BatchTopic", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + 3).getBytes());
msgs.add(msg1);
msgs.add(msg2);
msgs.add(msg3);
//5.发送消息
SendResult result = producer.send(msgs, 100000);
//发送状态
SendStatus status = result.getSendStatus();
//消息ID
String msgId = result.getMsgId();
//消息接收队列ID
int queueId = result.getMessageQueue().getQueueId();
System.out.println("发送结果:" + result + ",消息ID:"+ msgId + ",队列ID:" + queueId);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
//6.关闭生产者producer
producer.shutdown();
}
}
如果消息的总长度可能大于4MB时,这时候最好把消息进行分割,操作如下:
public class ListSplitter implements Iterator<List<Message>> {
private final int SIZE_LIMIT = 1024 * 1024 * 4;
private final List<Message> messages;
private int currIndex;
public ListSplitter(List<Message> messages) {
this.messages = messages;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return currIndex < messages.size();
}
@Override
public List<Message> next() {
int nextIndex = currIndex;
int totalSize = 0;
for (; nextIndex < messages.size(); nextIndex++) {
Message message = messages.get(nextIndex);
int tmpSize = message.getTopic().length() + message.getBody().length;
Map<String, String> properties = message.getProperties();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
tmpSize += entry.getKey().length() + entry.getValue().length();
}
tmpSize = tmpSize + 20; // 增加日志的开销20字节
if (tmpSize > SIZE_LIMIT) {
//单个消息超过了最大的限制
//忽略,否则会阻塞分裂的进程
if (nextIndex - currIndex == 0) {
//假如下一个子列表没有元素,则添加这个子列表然后退出循环,否则只是退出循环
nextIndex++;
}
break;
}
if (tmpSize + totalSize > SIZE_LIMIT) {
break;
} else {
totalSize += tmpSize;
}
}
List<Message> subList = messages.subList(currIndex, nextIndex);
currIndex = nextIndex;
return subList;
}
}
//把大的消息分裂成若干个小的消息
ListSplitter splitter = new ListSplitter(messages);
while (splitter.hasNext()) {
try {
List<Message> listItem = splitter.next();
producer.send(listItem);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
//处理error
}
}
消息消费者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.batch;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import java.util.List;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("BatchTopic", "Tag1");
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
System.out.println(list);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
}
}
过滤消息
在大多数情况下,TAG是一个简单而有用的设计,其可以来选择您想要的消息。例如:
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("CID_EXAMPLE");
consumer.subscribe("TOPIC", "TAGA || TAGB || TAGC");
消费者将接收包含TAGA或TAGC的消息,但是限制是一个消息只能有一个标签,这对于复杂的场景可能不起作用。在这种情况下,可以使用SQL表达式筛选消息。SQL特性可以通过发送消息时的属性来进行计算。在RokcketMQ定义的语法下,可以实现一些简单的逻辑,下面是一个例子:
------------
| message |
|----------| a > 5 AND b = 'abc'
| a = 10 | --------------------> Gotten
| b = 'abc'|
| c = true |
------------
------------
| message |
|----------| a > 5 AND b = 'abc'
| a = 1 | --------------------> Missed
| b = 'abc'|
| c = true |
------------
SQL基本语法
RocketMQ只定义了一些基本语法来支持这个特性。你也可以很容易地扩展它。
- 数值比较,比如:>,>=,<,<=,BETWEEN,=;
- 字符比较,比如:=,<>,IN;
- IS NULL 或者 IS NOT NULL;
- 逻辑符号 AND,OR,NOT;
常量支持类型为:
- 数值,比如:123,3.1415;
- 字符,比如:‘abc’,必须用单引号包裹起来;
- NULL,特殊的常量
- 布尔值,TRUE 或 FALSE
只有使用push模式的消费者才能用使用SQL92标准的sql语句,接口如下:
public void subscribe(finalString topic, final MessageSelector messageSelector)
tag过滤消息生产者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.filter.tag;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("FilterTagTopic", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
//5.发送消息
SendResult result = producer.send(msg, 100000);
//发送状态
SendStatus status = result.getSendStatus();
//消息ID
String msgId = result.getMsgId();
//消息接收队列ID
int queueId = result.getMessageQueue().getQueueId();
System.out.println("发送结果:" + result + ",消息ID:"+ msgId + ",队列ID:" + queueId);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
//6.关闭生产者producer
producer.shutdown();
}
}
tag过滤消息消费者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.filter.tag;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import java.util.List;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("FilterTagTopic", "Tag1");
//设定消费模式:负载均衡(默认)|广播模式
设定消费模式:负载均衡(默认)|广播模式
//consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.CLUSTERING);
consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.BROADCASTING);
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
System.out.println(list);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
}
}
sql过滤消息生产者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.filter.sql;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("FilterSQLTopic", "Tag1", ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
msg.putUserProperty("i", String.valueOf(i));
//5.发送消息
SendResult result = producer.send(msg, 100000);
//发送状态
SendStatus status = result.getSendStatus();
//消息ID
String msgId = result.getMsgId();
//消息接收队列ID
int queueId = result.getMessageQueue().getQueueId();
System.out.println("发送结果:" + result + ",消息ID:"+ msgId + ",队列ID:" + queueId);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
//6.关闭生产者producer
producer.shutdown();
}
}
sql过滤消息消费者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.filter.sql;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.MessageSelector;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import java.util.List;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("FilterSQLTopic", MessageSelector.bySql("i>5"));
//设定消费模式:负载均衡(默认)|广播模式
设定消费模式:负载均衡(默认)|广播模式
//consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.CLUSTERING);
consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.BROADCASTING);
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
System.out.println(list);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
}
}
事务消息
上图说明了事务消息的大致方案,其中分为两个流程:正常事务消息的发送及提交、事务消息的补偿流程。
事务消息发送及提交
(1) 发送消息(half消息)。
(2) 服务端响应消息写入结果。
(3) 根据发送结果执行本地事务(如果写入失败,此时half消息对业务不可见,本地逻辑不执行)。
(4) 根据本地事务状态执行Commit或者Rollback(Commit操作生成消息索引,消息对消费者可见)。
事务补偿
(1) 对没有Commit/Rollback的事务消息(pending状态的消息),从服务端发起一次“回查”
(2) Producer收到回查消息,检查回查消息对应的本地事务的状态
(3) 根据本地事务状态,重新Commit或者Rollback
其中,补偿阶段用于解决消息Commit或者Rollback发生超时或者失败的情况。
事务消息状态
事务消息共有三种状态,提交状态、回滚状态、中间状态:
- TransactionStatus.CommitTransaction: 提交事务,它允许消费者消费此消息。
- TransactionStatus.RollbackTransaction: 回滚事务,它代表该消息将被删除,不允许被消费。
- TransactionStatus.Unknown: 中间状态,它代表需要检查消息队列来确定状态。
###创建事务性生产者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.transaction;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.*;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException {
//1.创建消息生产者producer,并指定生产者组名
TransactionMQProducer producer = new TransactionMQProducer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//添加事务的监听器
producer.setTransactionListener(new TransactionListener() {
/**
* 在该方法中执行本地事务
* @param message
* @param o
* @return
*/
@Override
public LocalTransactionState executeLocalTransaction(Message message, Object o) {
if(StringUtils.equals("TAGA", message.getTags())){
return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;
}else if (StringUtils.equals("TAGB", message.getTags())){
return LocalTransactionState.ROLLBACK_MESSAGE;
}else if (StringUtils.equals("TAGC", message.getTags())){
return LocalTransactionState.UNKNOW;
}
return LocalTransactionState.UNKNOW;
}
/**
* 该方法是MQ进行消息事务状态回查
* @param messageExt
* @return
*/
@Override
public LocalTransactionState checkLocalTransaction(MessageExt messageExt) {
System.out.println("消息的Tag:" + messageExt.getTags());
return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE;
}
});
//3.启动producer
producer.start();
String[] tags = {"TAGA", "TAGB", "TAGC"};
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//4.创建消息对象,指定主题Topic、Tag和消息体
/**
* 参数一:消息主题Topic
* 参数二:消息Tag
* 参数三:消息内容
*/
Message msg = new Message("TransactionTopic", tags[i], ("Hello World" + i).getBytes());
//5.发送消息
SendResult result = producer.sendMessageInTransaction(msg, null);
//发送状态
SendStatus status = result.getSendStatus();
//消息ID
String msgId = result.getMsgId();
//消息接收队列ID
int queueId = result.getMessageQueue().getQueueId();
System.out.println("发送结果:" + result + ",消息ID:"+ msgId + ",队列ID:" + queueId);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
//6.关闭生产者producer
//producer.shutdown();
}
}
创建事务性消费者
package com.mry.rocketmqdemo.transaction;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import java.util.List;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
//1.创建消费者Consumer,指定消费者组名
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
//2.指定Nameserver地址
consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.75.126:9876;192.168.75.128:9876");
//3.订阅主题Topic和Tag
consumer.subscribe("TransactionTopic", "*");
//4.设置回调函数,处理消息
consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
//接收消息内容
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
System.out.println(list);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
});
//5.启动消费者consumer
consumer.start();
}
}
使用限制
- 事务消息不支持延时消息和批量消息。
- 为了避免单个消息被检查太多次而导致半队列消息累积,我们默认将单个消息的检查次数限制为 15 次,但是用户可以通过 Broker 配置文件的
transactionCheckMax
参数来修改此限制。如果已经检查某条消息超过 N 次的话( N =transactionCheckMax
) 则 Broker 将丢弃此消息,并在默认情况下同时打印错误日志。用户可以通过重写AbstractTransactionCheckListener
类来修改这个行为。 - 事务消息将在 Broker 配置文件中的参数 transactionMsgTimeout 这样的特定时间长度之后被检查。当发送事务消息时,用户还可以通过设置用户属性 CHECK_IMMUNITY_TIME_IN_SECONDS 来改变这个限制,该参数优先于
transactionMsgTimeout
参数。 - 事务性消息可能不止一次被检查或消费。
- 提交给用户的目标主题消息可能会失败,目前这依日志的记录而定。它的高可用性通过 RocketMQ 本身的高可用性机制来保证,如果希望确保事务消息不丢失、并且事务完整性得到保证,建议使用同步的双重写入机制。
- 事务消息的生产者 ID 不能与其他类型消息的生产者 ID 共享。与其他类型的消息不同,事务消息允许反向查询、MQ服务器能通过它们的生产者 ID 查询到消费者。
demo资源
csdn的下载地址:https://download.csdn.net/download/muriyue6/89061803