centos8安装cobbler
文章目录
一. cobbler
1. cobbler 批量装机
1.1 简介
-
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机（真机，虚拟机，云主机），还可以管理DHCP，DNS. -
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口（开发程序），可以方便二次开发使用。 -
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。 -
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。
1.2 Cobbler官网
1.3 cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持，pxe从网络，局域网启动，从网络启动需要ip，网关
- DHCP服务管理，自动分配IP
- DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
- 电源管理，自动开机，远程开机，重启
- Kickstart服务支持，在安装系统，要设置系统，把需要设置的信息写入文件，通过文件批量应用
- YUM仓库管理，通过Apache部署网络源
- TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
- Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
二. 部署cobbler
1. cobbler服务端部署
1.1 安装epel源，cobbler，使用官方源
[root@node4 ~]# dnf install epel-release -y
[root@node4 ~]# dnf module list|grep cobbler
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
cobbler 3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler 3.3 default Versatile Linux deployment server
[root@node4 ~]# dnf module enable cobbler:3 -y
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:24 ago on Fri Aug 12 16:19:33 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================
Enabling module streams:
cobbler 3
Transaction Summary
================================================================
Complete!
[root@node4 ~]#
1.2 安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@node4 ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync-daemon
1.3 启动服务并设置开机自启，关闭selinux和防火墙并重启
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service 鈫� /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service 鈫� /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service 鈫� /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@node4 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 0.0.0.0:873 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:443 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::]:873 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@node4 ~]#
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@node4 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@node4 ~]# reboot
1.5 生成密码,将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@node4 ~]# openssl passwd -1
Password:
Verifying - Password:
$1$Fd0AJAGH$nkETxhZnhKmtHRBEOFSjE1
[root@node4 ~]#
[root@node4 ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@node4 cobbler]# vim settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$Fd0AJAGH$nkETxhZnhKmtHRBEOFSjE1"
1.4 配置cobbler 主配置文件
修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@node4 ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@node4 cobbler]# vim settings.yaml
server: 192.168.232.132
设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@node4 ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@node4 cobbler]# vim settings.yaml
next_server: 192.168.232.132
打开DHCP功能
[root@node4 ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@node4 cobbler]# vim settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true
1.5 修改模板配置文件
[root@node4 ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@node4 cobbler]# vim dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.232.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.232.2;
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.232.100 192.168.232.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.232.132;
重启服务
[root@node4 cobbler]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
1.6 通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@node4 ~]#
解决问题：
第1个问题
[root@node4 ~]# dnf -y install syslinux syslinux-extlinux syslinux-tftpboot
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:44:35 ago on Fri Aug 12 16:25:56 2022.
Package syslinux-6.04-5.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package syslinux-extlinux-6.04-5.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package syslinux-tftpboot-6.04-5.el8.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@node4 ~]#
[root@node4 ~]# ls /usr/share/syslinux/
[root@node4 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@node4 loaders]# ls
[root@node4 loaders]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 .
[root@node4 loaders]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 .
[root@node4 loaders]# ls
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@node4 loaders]#
2和3 安装包
[root@node4 ~]# dnf -y install yum-utils
1.7 sync同步配置
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-12_171557_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Aug 12 17:15:57 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@node4 ~]#
2. 导入镜像，必须选DVD镜像
挂载光盘
[root@node4 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@node4 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root 17G 2.1G 15G 13% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 215M 800M 22% /boot
tmpfs 371M 0 371M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 11G 11G 0 100% /mnt
[root@node4 ~]# ls /mnt/
AppStream EFI TRANS.TBL isolinux
BaseOS LICENSE images media.repo
[root@node4 ~]#
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler import --name=CentOS8 --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt
task started: 2022-08-12_174134_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Fri Aug 12 17:41:34 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS8-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64 for CentOS8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@node4 ~]#
//说明：
--path //镜像路径
--name //为安装源定义一个名字
--arch //指定安装源平台
2.1 查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler list
distros:
CentOS8-x86_64
profiles:
CentOS8-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
[root@node4 ~]#
2.2 列出对象详细信息
列出对象
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler distro list
CentOS8-x86_64
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler distro report
Name : CentOS8-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS8-x86_64'}//192.168.232.132/cobbler，镜像放的位置
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
[root@node4 ~]#
2.3 检查dhcp是否正常
[root@node4 ~]# ss -an|grep 67
nl UNCONN 0 0 15:-67915378 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 15:-67915378 *
u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 27820 * 28867
u_str ESTAB 0 0 /run/systemd/journal/stdout 24967 * 26042
u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 26042 * 24967
u_str ESTAB 0 0 /var/lib/sss/pipes/private/sbus-dp_implicit_files.925 28867 * 27820
u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 46777 * 0
udp ESTAB 0 0 192.168.232.132%ens33:68 192.168.232.254:67
[root@node4 ~]#
3. 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
自动生成的ks文件使用这个
cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name CentOS8-x86_64
[root@node4 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/templates/
[root@node4 templates]# vim centos8.ks
[root@node4 templates]# cat centos8.ks
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.232.132/cblr/links/CentOS8-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.232.132/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.232.132/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$19011$EN0oI8ADpyxa78MJ66DZ10
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
sleep 10
if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
break
fi
done &
# Enable installation monitoring
%end
%packages
@^minimal-environment
%end
%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1
%end
%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1
# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.232.132/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/CentOS8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
# End yum configuration
# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code
# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.232.132" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.232.132" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration
# Enable post-install boot notification
# Start final steps
curl "http://192.168.232.132/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/CentOS8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end
[root@node4 templates]#
3.1 验证
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler validate-autoinstalls
task started: 2022-08-12_182626_validate_autoinstall_files
task started (id=Automated installation files validation, time=Fri Aug 12 18:26:26 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@node4 ~]#
3.2 修改自动安装的文件和内核，改为自己写的
修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS8-x86_64 --autoinstall centos8.ks
配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS8-x86_64 --kernel-options 'net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@node4 ~]#
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler profile report --name CentOS8-x86_64
Name : CentOS8-x86_64
Automatic Installation Template : sample.ks
Automatic Installation Metadata : {}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS8-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : False
Enable PXE Menu? : True
Fetchable Files : {}
DHCP Filename Override : <<inherit>>
Kernel Options : {}
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler profile report --name CentOS8-x86_64
Name : CentOS8-x86_64
Automatic Installation Template : centos8.ks
Automatic Installation Metadata : {}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS8-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : False
Enable PXE Menu? : True
Fetchable Files : {}
DHCP Filename Override : <<inherit>>
Kernel Options : {'net.ifnames': '0', 'biosdevname': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Next Server Override : <<inherit>>
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : True
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
[root@node4 ~]#
同步
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-12_183820_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Aug 12 18:38:20 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@node4 ~]#
3.3 重启服务
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd
4. 客户端安装虚拟机
4.1 打开虚拟机，创建虚拟机时内存给4G
4.1.1 错误1.
- tftp超时，解决TFTP未启动
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket 鈫� /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@node4 ~]#
4.1.2 错误2
- 不能启动，没有启动程序
[root@node4 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@node4 loaders]# ls
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@node4 loaders]#
[root@node4 ~]# ls /usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh
/usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh
[root@node4 ~]# /usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ ln -s /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ldlinux.c32
+ set +x
[root@node4 ~]#
[root@node4 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@node4 loaders]# ls
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@node4 loaders]# ls
grub ldlinux.c32 menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@node4 loaders]#
然后同步一下
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-12_185410_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Aug 12 18:54:10 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@node4 ~]#
4.2 安装
5. 批量安装
5.1 定制安装步骤：
- 统计服务器mac地址
- 配置cobbler
- 安装
5.2 登录界面
- 账号密码为cobbler
- 创建新系统
-
默认配置inherit
-
通用
- 高级
- 生成mac地址
- 网络
- 完成
-
也可以创建多个
-
同步
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-13_105246_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Aug 13 10:52:46 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-39-48-b4
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.0
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.ppc64le
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grubaa64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grubx64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-39-48-b4
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system/00:50:56:39:48:b4
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@node4 ~]#
- 界面同步
5.3 开机
三. 配置文件
1. cobbler配置文件详解cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
| 配置文件 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml | cobbler 主配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
| /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
| /etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
2. cobbler数据目录
| 目录 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/templates/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
| /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
| /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
| /var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
| /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
3. cobbler日志文件
| 日志文件路径 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
| /var/log/cobbler/tasks/ | 安装导入日志 |
4. cobbler命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
[root@node4 ~]# cobbler system
usage
=====
cobbler system add
cobbler system copy
cobbler system dumpvars
cobbler system edit
cobbler system find
cobbler system get-autoinstall
cobbler system list
cobbler system poweroff
cobbler system poweron
cobbler system powerstatus
cobbler system reboot
cobbler system remove
cobbler system rename
cobbler system report
[root@node4 ~]#
896
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