1. cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。
cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持
- DHCP服务管理
- DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
- 电源管理
- Kickstart服务支持
- YUM仓库管理
- TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
- Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
cobbler数据目录
cobbler日志文件
cobbler命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
2. cobbler服务端部署
//切记要使用centos8自带的源
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-NFV.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras-common.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo CentOS-Stream-ResilientStorage.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo CentOS-Stream-Sources.repo
//安装epel源
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install epel-release -y
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:39 ago on Sat Aug 13 04:27:52 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 8-11.el8 extras 24 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 24 k
Installed size: 35 k
Downloading Packages:
[SKIPPED] epel-release-8-11.el8.noarch.rpm: Already downloaded
CentOS Stream 8 - Extras 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : epel-release-8-11.el8.noarch 1/1
Running scriptlet: epel-release-8-11.el8.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-8-11.el8.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release-8-11.el8.noarch
Complete!
//开启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 521 kB/s | 13 MB 00:24
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_ 94 kB/s | 857 kB 00:09
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:08 ago on Sat Aug 13 04:31:03 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================
Enabling module streams:
cobbler 3
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart //安装这些包
//过程以省略...
//开启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: di>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-08-13 04:38:18 EDT; 14s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 54242 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 443, port 80"
Tasks: 231 (limit: 23458)
Memory: 55.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─54242 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─54244 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─54245 (wsgi:cobbler_w -DFOREGROUND
├─54246 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─54247 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─54248 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Aug 13 04:38:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 13 04:38:18 localhost.localdomain httpd[54242]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliab>
Aug 13 04:38:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 13 04:38:18 localhost.localdomain httpd[54242]: Server configured, listening on:>
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status cobblerd
● cobblerd.service - Cobbler Helper Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service; enabled; vendor preset:>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-08-13 04:38:17 EDT; 26s ago
Process: 54178 ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/touch /usr/share/cobbler/web/cobbler.wsgi (c>
Main PID: 54177 (cobblerd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 23458)
Memory: 32.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/cobblerd.service
└─54177 /usr/bin/python3.6 -s /usr/bin/cobblerd -F
Aug 13 04:38:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Cobbler Helper Daemon...
Aug 13 04:38:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Cobbler Helper Daemon.
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled //这里修改成disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
- 配置settings.yaml文件
//生成一个加密密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1
Password: //我输入的是1234567
Verifying - Password:
$1$R2hpxJ6Q$0cu7zB/wNvgkt2.SUjuqH/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$R2hpxJ6Q$0cu7zB/wNvgkt2.SUjuqH/" //引号里面修改成刚才加密的密码
server: 192.168.106.20 //改为当前主机的IP
next_server: 192.168.106.20 //改为当前主机的IP
manage_dhcp: true // 改为true 开启自动分配IP
配置dhcp.template文件
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.106.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.106.2; //改为当前主机的网关
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114; //域名服务器改为114.114.114.114
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.106.100 192.168.106.200; //分配范围
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.106.20; //改为当前主机的IP
//重启服务
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
//安装rsync-daemon服务并开启开机自启
[root@localhost cobbler]# dnf -y install rsync-daemon
[root@localhost cobbler]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
检查cobbler是否还存在问题
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. //发现了五个问题，现在一一解决
[root@localhost cobbler]# dnf -y install yum-utils
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. //已经解决两个
[root@localhost cobbler]# dnf -y install syslinux //安装最新版syslinux
[root@localhost cobbler]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ //将这两个文件放到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/下
[root@localhost cobbler]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
//问题就基本解决了
//同步
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-13_051432_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Aug 13 05:14:32 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE *** //看到TASK COMPLETE才算成功
//挂载镜像。一定要是DVD格式的镜像
[root@localhost cobbler]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
//同步镜像
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler import --name=CentOS8 --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt
task started: 2022-08-13_051934_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Aug 13 05:19:34 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS8-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64 for CentOS8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE *** //同样要看到TASK COMPLETE才算成功
//列出对象
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler list
distros:
CentOS8-x86_64
profiles:
CentOS8-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost cobbler]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name CentOS8-x86_64 //将会自动生成一个kickstarts脚本
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.106.20/cblr/links/CentOS8-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.106.20/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.106.20/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/BaseOS
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$R2hpxJ6Q$0cu7zB/wNvgkt2.SUjuqH/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
sleep 10
if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
break
fi
done &
# Enable installation monitoring
%end
%packages
%end
%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1
%end
%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1
# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.106.20/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/CentOS8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
# End yum configuration
# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code
# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.106.20" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.106.20" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration
# Enable post-install boot notification
# Start final steps
curl "http://192.168.106.20/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/CentOS8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end
//将上面的内容复制
[root@localhost cobbler]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/templates/
[root@localhost templates]# vim centos8.ks //粘贴到这个文件中并修改成以下内容
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.106.20/cblr/links/CentOS8-x86_64
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$R2hpxJ6Q$0cu7zB/wNvgkt2.SUjuqH/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
sleep 10
if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
break
fi
done &
# Enable installation monitoring
%end
%packages
%end
%post --nochroot
set -x -v
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.106.20/cblr/links/CentOS8-x86_64
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$R2hpxJ6Q$0cu7zB/wNvgkt2.SUjuqH/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Start final steps
curl "http://192.168.106.20/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/CentOS8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end
//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler validate-autoinstalls
task started: 2022-08-13_054457_validate_autoinstall_files
task started (id=Automated installation files validation, time=Sat Aug 13 05:44:57 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/validate_autoinstall_files/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE *** //出现TASK COMPLETE表示没问题
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS8-x86_64 --autoinstall centos8.ks //将默认的安装文件改成我们创建的centos.ks
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler profile edit --name Centos8-x86_64 --kernel-options 'net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' //配置内核选项
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler profile report --name CentOS8-x86_64
Name : Centos8-x86_64
Automatic Installation Template : centos8.ks
Automatic Installation Metadata : {}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS8-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : False
Enable PXE Menu? : True
Fetchable Files : {}
DHCP Filename Override : <<inherit>>
Kernel Options : {'net.ifnames': '0', 'biosdevname': '0'} //显示已经添加
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Next Server Override : <<inherit>>
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : True
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
//同步数据
[root@localhost templates]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-13_055747_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Aug 13 05:57:47 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//重启所有服务
[root@localhost templates]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd tftp
[root@localhost templates]# /usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh //执行这个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub ldlinux.c32 menu.c32 pxelinux.0 //出现两个文件
//再次同步
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-13_060854_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Aug 13 06:08:54 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
配置就已经完成了，接下来就是创建一台新的虚拟机通过cobbler装机
开启此虚拟机
选择下面的CentOS8-x86_64 回车就会进行自动安装
登录root用户查看以下IP地址可以看到也是我们设置的范围
3. 定制安装
定制安装步骤：
- 统计服务器mac地址
- 配置cobbler
- 安装
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置：
https://192.168.106.20/cobbler_web 通过这个网址能进到cobbler的web界面这里的IP地址填当前虚拟机的IP
账号和密码都是cobbler
如何获取mac地址
回到网页
同步完成后就可以打开刚才绑定mac的主机了，该主机要是没有安装任何系统的状态，然后就会自动装机了
能看到主机名称为node1 ip地址也是刚才设置的IP地址。到此为止cobbler装机就已经全部完成
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