使用Cobbler批量安装RockyLinux操作系统

使用Cobbler批量安装RockyLinux操作系统

一、Cobbler简介

Cobbler官网：https://cobbler.github.io/

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等，具备web管理界面。

Cobbler常用命令：

cobbler check                    检查当前设置是否有问题

cobbler list                        列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler report                   列出元素的详细信息

cobbler sync                      同步配置到数据目录，更改配置最好都要执行一下

cobbler reposync                  同步yum仓库

cobbler distro                    查看导入的发行版系统信息

cobbler system                      查看添加的系统信息

cobbler profile                   查看配置信息

二、部署前准备

本文以rocky9.1部署Cobbler 3.3.4版本为例进行实验。

Cobbler服务器IP地址：192.168.100.128

安装软件

# yum源必须有epel源

# dnf install -y epel-release

#关闭防火墙和selinux

# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

# reboot

三、部署Cobbler

1、安装软件

# dnf -y install cobbler dhcp-server

# 查看cobbler相关文件

# rpm -ql cobbler

2、配置cobbler

（1）修改Cobbler主配置文件

# 生成密文密码

# openssl passwd -1

# vi /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

#设置root密码

default_password_crypted: "$1$9SWj8SXL$o2SbpStKQHNjUkqDhm5hV0"

# cobbler接管dhcp

manage_dhcp: true

manage_dhcp_v4: true

#cobbler服务器地址

server: 192.168.100.128

#tftp地址

next_server_v4: 192.168.100.128

#cobbler接管tftp

manage_tftpd: true

#当bios首选启动项是pxe时，此项设置为true，可避免重启反复安装系统，否则为false

pxe_just_once: true

（2）修改dhcp模版文件

# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

……

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

     option routers             192.168.100.5;

     option domain-name-servers  8.8.8.8;

     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;

     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.100.100 192.168.100.254;

     default-lease-time         21600;

     max-lease-time             43200;

     next-server                $next_server_v4;

……

（3）启动cobbler，同步配置

# systemctl enable --now cobblerd

# cobbler sync

（4）启动dhcp、tftp、http服务

# systemctl enable --now tftp httpd dhcpd

（5）cobbler配置检查

# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server_v6' field in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml must be set to something other than ::1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

2: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, andmenu.c32.

3: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core

4: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core

5: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

6: ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart

7: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

# 根据check结果提示安装相关包，其它错误可忽略

# dnf -y install syslinux dnf-plugins-core pykickstart

#生成引导加载程序 cobbler mkloaders ，此命令适用cobblerV3.3.1及之后的版本

# cobbler mkloaders

# 查看

# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

grub         libcom32.c32  linux.c32  menu.c32

ldlinux.c32  libutil.c32   memdisk    pxelinux.0

3、导入系统镜像资源

# 挂载光盘镜像

# mkdir /mnt/{rocky9,centos7.5}

# mount /dev/sr1 /mnt/rocky9/

# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/centos7.5/

# 导入系统镜像资源，并查看

# cobbler import --name=rocky-9-x86_64 --path=/mnt/rocky9 --arch=x86_64

# cobbler import --name=centos-7.5-x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos7.5 --arch=x86_64

# cobbler distro list

centos-7.5-x86_64

rocky-9-x86_64

# cobbler profile list

centos-7.5-x86_64

rocky-9-x86_64

注：导入的镜像资源存放在 /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/目录中。

#重启cobbler，同步配置

# systemctl restart cobblerd

# cobbler sync

#查看生成的启动菜单

# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

从中可以看到应答文件路径、yum源路径等信息。

4、自定义kickstart应答文件

# 查看应答文件模板

# ls /var/lib/cobbler/templates/

default.ks        pxerescue.ks         sample.ks

esxi4-ks.cfg      sample_autoyast.xml  sample_legacy.ks

esxi5-ks.cfg      sample_esxi4.ks      sample_old.seed

install_profiles  sample_esxi5.ks      sample.seed

legacy.ks         sample_esxi6.ks      win.ks

order.txt         sample_esxi7.ks

powerkvm.ks    

# 自定义应答文件时，应注意不同系统的应答文件会有些许不同，可参考已安装好系统的主机上的应答文件来自定义。

# cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

以下是本次实验自定义的Rocky9.1的应答文件，仅供参考。

# vi /var/lib/cobbler/templates/rocky9.ks

# version=Rocky9

ignoredisk --only-use=sda

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Use graphical install

text

# Use CDROM installation media

# url --url=http://192.168.100.128/cblr/links/rocky9-x86_64/

url --url=$tree

reboot

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'

# System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

# Network information

network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --ipv6=auto --activate

# Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$s14oAn0D$evyEyWiCjQGRaDrI8UeP90

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx

# System services

services --disabled="chronyd"

# System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp

# Disk partitioning information

zerombr

part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024

part /swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048

part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --grow --size=1

%packages

@^minimal-environment

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%post

#!/bin/sh

#设置允许root用户ssh登录

echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >>/etc/ssh/sshd_config

sysemctl restart sshd

%end

%anaconda

pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty

pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok

pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty

%end

#更新启动菜单

# cobbler profile remove --name rocky-9-x86_64

# cobbler profile add --name rocky-9-x86_64 --distro=rocky-9-x86_64 --autoinstall=rocky9.ks

重启cobbler，同步配置

# systemctl restart cobblerd

# cobbler sync

# cobbler profile list

centos-7.5-x86_64

rocky-9-x86_64

四、测试

新建或使用原有虚拟机，设置与Cobbler服务器同在一个网络，设置好BIOS中的启动顺序为先网络，后硬盘启动，进行无人执守安装测试。

选择第三个菜单项，安装rocky9，选择第一个则从硬盘启动。

参考文献：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40875048/article/details/132384248?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522171184299616800185863673%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=171184299616800185863673&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduend~default-1-132384248-null-null.142^v100^pc_search_result_base6&utm_term=cobbler3.3.3%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187