Anoma——多方加密资产隐秘交换

1. 引言

Anoma团队于2021年初募集了675万美金,针对的场景为:

  • 支付方拥有BTC
  • 接收方只想接收ETH

双方可 以最优的市场汇率直接交易。

Anoma network为:

  • layer one blockchain方案
  • 无需base currency,且支持隐私交易
  • no need for a layer two
  • 无需依赖synthetic assets that represent the underlying cryptocurrencies
  • POS共识
  • 允许多方参与的asset-agnostic bartering

Anoma的主要创新点:

  • layer one chains之间可实现互操作性,特别是像Solana、Polkadot和Cosmos这样依赖拜占庭容错(Byzantine Fault Tolerance,BFT)的现代链,Anoma可通过类似IBC互操作协议直接与这些网络连接。

具体举例为:
Anoma validator set在Near网络有账号,而Near validator set在Anoma网络也有账号。当你需要将100DOT由Near发送至Anoma时,可将该100DOT发送至Near网络的Anoma账号,这样Anoma validator set会将Anoma的100DOT给你。这样你可在Anoma上自由转让和交易,然后不同的用户可将100DOT(全部或部分)取回至Near网络。

其实际实现是在Zcash Sapling circuit的基础上扩展:

  • 支持Multi Asset Shielded Pool

代码库见:

Anoma项目计划于2021年6月发布测试网,

2. Anoma MASP(Multi Asset Shielded Pool)

若直接将Sapling circuit用于user defined assets,则:

  • 每个asset或token type必须有不同的shielded pool
  • 所有交易中的asset type都是透明的。

而借助MASP circuit:

  • MASP notes可有shieled type
  • multiple assets可共享相同的shielded pool
  • 交易中的asset type可shielded(当有transparent balance change时,asset type也为透明的)

MSAP基于Zcash协议的multi-asset extensions:

Anoma的MSAP采用:

  • multi-denomination zero-knowledge transfer circuit,运行不同类型的assets共享一个anonymity set。An anonymity set为the set of entities that may have the same attributes,即它们相互之间不可区分。

Anoma的multi-asset shileded pool为一种特殊类型的zero-knowledge circuit,支持任意资产之间的private transfer。其为所有的资产提供统一的privacy set,使得observer无法区分转让中包含的究竟是1BTC还是1SOL。

参考资料

[1] Anoma Network Raises $6.75M to Make Exchanging Crypto Assets Easy and Private
[2] 白皮书 Anoma: Undefining Money
A protocol for private, asset-agnostic digital cash and n-party bartering

[3] Introducing Anoma: A Blockchain for Private Asset-Agnostic Bartering

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以下是一篇即将投稿Minerals期刊(MDPI出版社)的论文初稿的部分内容,请按照该期刊对论文格式的要求,将以下内容进行压缩凝练(注意:可对内容进行删减,对错误进行修正,对语句顺序进行调整,符合美式英语标准,符合英语母语者语言习惯,句子简明易懂,术语使用准确,保留文章结构、不偏离论文主要内容): Rocks and ore components directly enter the soil and water system sediments through physical weathering and chemical weathering, and the geochemical anomalies originally present in the rocks further spread with the entry into the soil or directly into the water system, forming soil anomalies and water system sediment anoma-lies.Geochemical anomaly detection is essentially the detection of signal anomalies in geochemical data, which refers to finding out the anomalous distribution of chemical elements themselves and the anomalous distribution of multiple elements in combination through feature extraction and analysis processing of geochemical data in the study area, and reflecting the mineral distribution through the distribution of geochemical ele-ments.Through the method of geochemical anomaly finding, the detected anomalies may contain information indicating specific minerals, which facilitates the rapid tracing of prospective areas and favorable areas for mineralization, identifies possible mineralizing elements and distribution characteristics in the work area, provides basic information for the strategic deployment of mineralization search, and provides good indications for later mineralization search.
02-28

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