Mina概览

mutourend

已于 2022-07-20 23:36:54 修改

阅读量5.4k

点赞数 1

分类专栏：区块链隐私应用文章标签：区块链

于 2022-03-09 17:57:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mutourend/article/details/123382936

版权

区块链同时被 2 个专栏收录

131 篇文章 31 订阅

订阅专栏

隐私应用

75 篇文章 16 订阅

订阅专栏

1. 引言

Mina早期项目名为Coda，2020年品牌重塑为Mina Protocol。

Mina致力于成为web3的隐私和安全层。
Mina为世界上最轻的区块链，其大小约为22KB，使得用户可快速直接地从其手机和其它链访问Mina的当前状态。

Mina主要特性有：

1）保护数据隐私：Mina的zkApp，其智能合约采用了零知识证明，可使用户控制其隐私，仅对外分享其data proof。
2）从其它链访问Mina：由于Mina的轻量化设计和Mina zkApp智能合约的链下计算特性。当前在致力于建立Mina和以太坊bridge。未来将构建更多不同链之间的trustless bridge。
3）直接与现实世界相连：其它区块链协议无法与网络交互，限制了应用范围和实用性。Mina的zkApp可隐私地与任意网站交互，访问可验证的现实世界数据并在链上使用。因此，开发者可很容易地利用网络数据并将其引入到链上——而不会泄露用户的隐私。
4）每个参与者都是一个全节点：传统链变得越来越重，使得需要依赖中间人来允许节点，违背了区块链的去中心化初衷，使网络越来越可能受到51%攻击。Mina的轻量级22KB区块链，意味着任何人都可连接到Peer-to-Peer，像全节点一样验证交易，保证了区块链的强大抗审计性和安全性。
5）全球化社区：其它链由强大的生态中间人驱动，而Mina由参与者驱动。我们的包容性社区将全世界的人们团结在一起，对去中心化区块链充满热情。事实上，在过去几年开展的所有项目中，我们拥有最大、最活跃的社区之一。

1.1 Mina中的交易类型

Mina中的交易类型分为：

Coinbase交易：给产块者激励和手续费的交易，为内部交易。
Fee_transfer交易：给snark worker手续费的交易，为内部交易。
Payment交易：支付交易，为用户交易。
Delegation交易：委托交易，为用户交易。

let to_preunion (t : Transaction.t) =
  match t with
  | Command (Signed_command x) ->
      `Transaction (Transaction.Command x)
  | Fee_transfer x ->
      `Transaction (Fee_transfer x)
  | Coinbase x ->
      `Transaction (Coinbase x)
  | Command (Parties x) ->
      `Parties x

1.2 Mina中的区块类型

Mina中的区块类型分为：

internal transition：为产块者生成的区块。为State transition on full states。
external transition：为其它产块者生成并传来的区块。为State transition on lite states; sent to other nodes。
snark transition：为internal transition的子集，Subset of internal transition that is snarked。

对应地有：

1）internal transition的结构为：

(* block.ml： *)
type t = { header : Header.Stable.V1.t; body : Body.Stable.V1.t }

(* Header： *)
type t =
      { protocol_state : Protocol_state.Value.Stable.V2.t
      ; protocol_state_proof : Proof.Stable.V2.t [@sexp.opaque]
      ; delta_block_chain_proof :
          (* TODO: abstract *)
          State_hash.Stable.V1.t * State_body_hash.Stable.V1.t list
      ; current_protocol_version : Protocol_version.Stable.V1.t
      ; proposed_protocol_version_opt : Protocol_version.Stable.V1.t option
      ; body_reference : Body_reference.Stable.V1.t (* 当前为对Body的哈希值 *)
      }

(* Body： *)
type t = { staged_ledger_diff : Staged_ledger_diff.Stable.V2.t }

2）external transition的结构为：

(* external_transitioin.ml： *)
type t =
          { protocol_state : Protocol_state.Value.Stable.V2.t
          ; protocol_state_proof : Proof.Stable.V2.t [@sexp.opaque]
          ; staged_ledger_diff : Staged_ledger_diff.Stable.V2.t
          ; delta_transition_chain_proof :
              State_hash.Stable.V1.t * State_body_hash.Stable.V1.t list
          ; current_protocol_version : Protocol_version.Stable.V1.t
          ; proposed_protocol_version_opt : Protocol_version.Stable.V1.t option
          ; mutable validation_callback : Validate_content.t (* 有：type t = unit，主要用作a stub to keep the bin_io for external transition from changing *)
          }
(* 其中validation_callback为enum类型：接受、拒绝、忽略、超时 *)
enum ValidationResult {
  accept @0;
  reject @1;
  ignore @2;
}
(* 在mina_net2/subscription.ml中的handle_and_validate()函数内有： *)
	match%map Validation_callback.await validation_callback with
      | Some `Accept ->
          `Validation_result Accept
      | Some `Reject ->
          `Validation_result Reject
      | Some `Ignore ->
          `Validation_result Ignore
      | None ->
          `Validation_timeout )

ChainSafe/mina-rs的结构体定义为：

pub struct ExternalTransition {
    /// The blockchain state, including consensus and the ledger
    pub protocol_state: ProtocolStateV1,
    /// Proof that the protocol state and entire history of the chain is valid
    pub protocol_state_proof: ProtocolStateProofV1,
    /// Diff of the proposed next state of the blockchain
    pub staged_ledger_diff: StagedLedgerDiffV1,
    /// Proof that the block was produced within the allotted slot time
    pub delta_transition_chain_proof: DeltaTransitionChainProof,
    /// Current protocol version
    pub current_protocol_version: ProtocolVersionV1,
    /// Proposed protocol version
    pub proposed_protocol_version_opt: Option<ProtocolVersionV1>,
    /// Callback used for validating external transition received over the network.
    /// This is not actually send over the network but requires a unit type to meet the
    /// serialization requirements
    pub validation_callback: (),
}

3）snark transition的结构为：

(* snark_transition.ml： *)
      type ( 'blockchain_state (* 为protocol_state中的一个元素 *)
           , 'consensus_transition (* consensus/proof_of_stake.ml中赋值为let consensus_transition = block_data.global_slot*)
           , 'pending_coinbase_update )
           t =
        { blockchain_state : 'blockchain_state
        ; consensus_transition : 'consensus_transition (* 实际即为global slot *)
        ; pending_coinbase_update : 'pending_coinbase_update
        }
(* pending_coinbase_update结构为： *)
type t = (Action.Stable.V1.t, Amount.Stable.V1.t) Poly.Stable.V1.t
(* Action类型有： *)
		type t =
          | Update_none
          | Update_one
          | Update_two_coinbase_in_first
          | Update_two_coinbase_in_second

【通常global slot >= blockchain length ，因为Mina中支持空块。blockchain length为Mina链上的实际非空区块。global slot = epoch * 7140 + slot，即有111965=15 * 7140+4865。】
在这里插入图片描述

1.3 Mina中的角色

Role	Description	Storage Requirements
Archive Node	archival service tracking chain dynamics and state	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. daemon config, 3. runtime state, 4. postgres database state }`
Block Producer	active participant in a chain’s block production protocol	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. wallet keys, 3. daemon config, 4. runtime state }`
Seed Node	standalone client acting as a bootstrapping and peer discovery source for network participants	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. daemon config, 3. runtime state }`
SNARK coordinator/worker	entities responsible for producing SNARK proofs used in validating chain transactions	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. wallet keys, 3. daemon config, 4. runtime state }`
User agent	(test) bot tasked with sending chain transactions as a means of fabricating network/chain dynamics	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. wallet keys, 3. daemon config, 4. runtime state }`
Faucet	(test) bot tasked with dispersing testnet funds to participants as means of enabling network activity	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. wallet keys, 3. daemon config, 4. runtime state }`
Echo Service	(test) bot tasked with echo’ing participant transactions for simulating an end-to-end transaction experience	`{ 1. genesis ledger, 2. wallet keys, 3. daemon config, 4. runtime state }`

2. Mina共识机制

Mina的共识算法为Ouroboros Samisika，是一种provably-secure proof-of-stake (PoS)共识协议 for succinct blockchains。

Ouroboros Samisika是在Cardano Ouroboros proof-of-stake的基础上进行了改进：最大限度地提高了共识包容性。

在Mina链上，所有参与者都充当全节点，任何人都可参与共识并保护区块链。

3. Mina如何实现small blockchain size？

Mina大大减少了每个用户需要下载的数据量。参与者不是从一开始就验证整个链，而是使用递归零知识证明（或zk-SNARK）完全验证网络和交易。节点可以存储小的proof，而不是整个链。而且因为它的大小是一致的，Mina保持可访问性——即使它扩展到许多用户并积累了多年的交易数据。

4. Mina中的zk-SNARKs工作原理

Mina会将整个区块链的状态捕获为一个轻量级快照，并将其发送出去，而不是将链本身发送出去。当网络中的下一个区块被创建时，它会拍摄自身的快照——以区块链上一个状态的快照为背景。这张新的快照将依次用作下一个区块的背景，依此类推。令人惊讶的是，虽然快照可以包含无限量信息的proof，但快照的大小始终保持不变。

5. Mina区块结构

Mina的区块结构主要为：【可将protocol_state看成是传统的区块头，staged_ledger_diff看成是传统的区块body。】

Field	Type	Description
`version`	`u8` (= 0x01)	Block structure version
`protocol_state`	`Protocol_state.Value.Stable.V1.t`	The blockchain state, including consensus and the ledger
`protocol_state_proof`	`Proof.Stable.V1.t sexp_opaque`	Proof that the protocol state and entire history of the chain is valid
`staged_ledger_diff`	`Staged_ledger_diff.Stable.V1.t`	Diff of the proposed next state of the blockchain
`delta_transition_chain_proof`	`State_hash.Stable.V1.t * State_body_hash.Stable.V1.t list`	Proof that the block was produced within the allotted slot time
`current_protocol_version`	`Protocol_version.Stable.V1.t`	Current protocol version
`proposed_protocol_version_opt`	`Protocol_version.Stable.V1.t option`	Proposed protocol version

Mina区块内容JSON示例见：

sample_block_json

详细的参数含义见：

Ouroboros Samasika Consensus关键参数解析

Mina主网genesis block结构为：

{
   "data":{
      "block":{
         "blockHeight":1,
         "canonical":true,
         "creator":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
         "creatorAccount":{
            "publicKey":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg"
         },
         "dateTime":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z",
         "protocolState":{
            "blockchainState":{
               "date":"1615939200000",
               "snarkedLedgerHash":"jx7buQVWFLsXTtzRgSxbYcT8EYLS8KCZbLrfDcJxMtyy4thw2Ee",
               "stagedLedgerHash":"jx7buQVWFLsXTtzRgSxbYcT8EYLS8KCZbLrfDcJxMtyy4thw2Ee",
               "utcDate":"1615939200000"
            },
            "consensusState":{
               "blockchainLength":1,
               "epochCount":0,
               "minWindowDensity":77,
               "sub_window_densities":[
                  1,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7,
                  7
               ],
               "lastVrfOutput":"NfThG1r1GxQuhaGLSJWGxcpv24SudtXG4etB0TnGqwg=",
               "totalCurrency":805385692840039233,
               "currGlobalSlot":0,
               "slotSinceGenesis":0,
               "stakingEpochData":{
                  "epochLength":1,
                  "ledger":{
                     "hash":"jx7buQVWFLsXTtzRgSxbYcT8EYLS8KCZbLrfDcJxMtyy4thw2Ee",
                     "totalCurrency":805385692840039300
                  },
                  "lockCheckpoint":"3NK2tkzqqK5spR2sZ7tujjqPksL45M3UUrcA4WhCkeiPtnugyE2x",
                  "seed":"2va9BGv9JrLTtrzZttiEMDYw1Zj6a6EHzXjmP9evHDTG3oEquURA",
                  "startCheckpoint":"3NK2tkzqqK5spR2sZ7tujjqPksL45M3UUrcA4WhCkeiPtnugyE2x"
               },
               "nextEpochData":{
                  "epochLength":2,
                  "ledger":{
                     "hash":"jx7buQVWFLsXTtzRgSxbYcT8EYLS8KCZbLrfDcJxMtyy4thw2Ee",
                     "totalCurrency":805385692840039300
                  },
                  "lockCheckpoint":"3NLoKn22eMnyQ7rxh5pxB6vBA3XhSAhhrf7akdqS6HbAKD14Dh1d",
                  "seed":"2vaRh7FQ5wSzmpFReF9gcRKjv48CcJvHs25aqb3SSZiPgHQBy5Dt",
                  "startCheckpoint":"3NK2tkzqqK5spR2sZ7tujjqPksL45M3UUrcA4WhCkeiPtnugyE2x"
               },
               "hasAncestorInSameCheckpointWindow":true,
               "block_stake_winner":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
               "block_creator":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
               "coinbase_receiver":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
               "supercharge_coinbase":true,
               "receivedTime":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z",
               "snarkFees":"0",
               "stateHash":"3NKeMoncuHab5ScarV5ViyF16cJPT4taWNSaTLS64Dp67wuXigPZ",
               "stateHashField":"9884505309989150310604636992054488263310056292998048242928359357807664465744",
               "txFees":"0"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

Archive节点定义的区块结构为：

module Block = struct
  type t =
    { state_hash : State_hash.Stable.Latest.t
    ; parent_hash : State_hash.Stable.Latest.t
    ; creator : Public_key.Compressed.Stable.Latest.t
    ; block_winner : Public_key.Compressed.Stable.Latest.t
    ; snarked_ledger_hash : Frozen_ledger_hash.Stable.Latest.t
    ; staking_epoch_data : Mina_base.Epoch_data.Value.Stable.Latest.t
    ; next_epoch_data : Mina_base.Epoch_data.Value.Stable.Latest.t
    ; min_window_density : Mina_numbers.Length.Stable.Latest.t
    ; total_currency : Currency.Amount.Stable.Latest.t
    ; ledger_hash : Ledger_hash.Stable.Latest.t
    ; height : Unsigned_extended.UInt32.Stable.Latest.t
    ; global_slot_since_hard_fork : Mina_numbers.Global_slot.Stable.Latest.t
    ; global_slot_since_genesis : Mina_numbers.Global_slot.Stable.Latest.t
    ; timestamp : Block_time.Stable.Latest.t
    ; user_cmds : User_command.t list
    ; internal_cmds : Internal_command.t list
    ; chain_status : Chain_status.t
    }
  [@@deriving yojson, equal, bin_io_unversioned]
end

module User_command = struct
  (* for `typ` and `status`, a string is enough
     in any case, there aren't existing string conversions for the
     original OCaml types

     The versioned modules in Transaction_hash.Stable don't have yojson functions
     it would be difficult to add them, so we just use the ones for the
      top-level Transaction.t
  *)
  type t =
    { sequence_no : int
    ; typ : string
    ; fee_payer : Public_key.Compressed.Stable.Latest.t
    ; source : Public_key.Compressed.Stable.Latest.t
    ; receiver : Public_key.Compressed.Stable.Latest.t
    ; fee_token : Token_id.Stable.Latest.t
    ; token : Token_id.Stable.Latest.t
    ; nonce : Account.Nonce.Stable.Latest.t
    ; amount : Currency.Amount.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; fee : Currency.Fee.Stable.Latest.t
    ; valid_until : Mina_numbers.Global_slot.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; memo : Signed_command_memo.Stable.Latest.t
    ; hash : Transaction_hash.Stable.Latest.t
          [@to_yojson Transaction_hash.to_yojson]
          [@of_yojson Transaction_hash.of_yojson]
    ; status : string
    ; failure_reason : Transaction_status.Failure.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; source_balance : Currency.Balance.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; fee_payer_account_creation_fee_paid :
        Currency.Amount.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; fee_payer_balance : Currency.Balance.Stable.Latest.t
    ; receiver_account_creation_fee_paid :
        Currency.Amount.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; receiver_balance : Currency.Balance.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; created_token : Token_id.Stable.Latest.t option
    }
  [@@deriving yojson, equal, bin_io_unversioned]
end

module Internal_command = struct
  (* for `typ`, a string is enough
     no existing string conversion for the original OCaml type
  *)
  type t =
    { sequence_no : int
    ; secondary_sequence_no : int
    ; typ : string
    ; receiver : Public_key.Compressed.Stable.Latest.t
    ; receiver_account_creation_fee_paid :
        Currency.Amount.Stable.Latest.t option
    ; receiver_balance : Currency.Balance.Stable.Latest.t
    ; fee : Currency.Fee.Stable.Latest.t
    ; token : Token_id.Stable.Latest.t
    ; hash : Transaction_hash.Stable.Latest.t
          [@to_yojson Transaction_hash.to_yojson]
          [@of_yojson Transaction_hash.of_yojson]
    }
  [@@deriving yojson, equal, bin_io_unversioned]
end

5.1 protocol state

Protocol_state：可将该结构看成是区块头，包含了区块中的最重要的信息。
This structure can be thought of like the block header. It contains the most essential information of a block.

Field	Type	Description
`version`	`u8` (= 0x01)	Block structure version
`previous_state_hash`	`State_hash.Stable.V1.t`	Commitment to previous block (hash of previous protocol state hash and body hash)
`body`	`Protocol_state.Body.Value.Stable.V1`	The body of the protocol state

在这里插入图片描述
目前Mina主网使用的共识参数为：

Field	Value	Description
`delta`	`0`	Maximum permissable delay of packets (in slots after the current)
`k`	`290`	Depth of finality (number of confirmations)
`slots_per_epoch`	`7140`	Number of slots per epoch
`slots_duration`	`180000` (= 3m)	Slot duration in ms
`epoch_duration`	`1285200000` (= 14d21h)	Duration of an epoch in ms
`grace_period_end`	`1440`	Number of slots before minimum window density is used in chain selection
`genesis_state_timestamp`	`1615939200000` (Mar 17, 2021 00:00:00 GMT+0000)	Timestamp of genesis block in unixtime
`acceptable_network_delay`	`180000` (= 3m)	Acceptable network delay in ms
`slots_per_sub_window`	`7`	Slots per sub window (see Section 5.4)
`sub_windows_per_window`	`11`	Sub windows per window (see Section 5.4)
`slots_per_window`	`slots_per_sub_window*sub_windows_per_window` (= 77)	Slots per window

protocol_ state内相应的OCaml结构体定义为：

(* protocol_state结构体定义： *)
type ('state_hash, 'body) t =
        { previous_state_hash : 'state_hash; body : 'body }
        
(* protocol_state结构体中body结构体定义： *)
type t =
          ( State_hash.Stable.V1.t
          , Blockchain_state.Value.Stable.V2.t
          , Consensus.Data.Consensus_state.Value.Stable.V1.t
          , Protocol_constants_checked.Value.Stable.V1.t )
          Poly.Stable.V1.t

val create_value :
     previous_state_hash:State_hash.t
  -> genesis_state_hash:State_hash.t
  -> blockchain_state:Blockchain_state.Value.t
  -> consensus_state:Consensus.Data.Consensus_state.Value.t
  -> constants:Protocol_constants_checked.Value.t
  -> Value.t

(* state_hash定义为：*)
type t = Field.t 
  module Field = struct
    include Tick0.Field
    include Hashable.Make (Tick0.Field)
    module Bits = Bits.Make_field (Tick0.Field) (Tick0.Bigint)

    let size_in_triples = Int.((size_in_bits + 2) / 3)
  end
  module Make_field
    (Field : Snarky_backendless.Field_intf.S)
    (Bigint : Big_int_intf with type field := Field.t) :
  Bits_intf.S with type t = Field.t =
  Make_field0 (Field) (Bigint)
    (struct
      let bit_length = Field.size_in_bits
    end)

(* blockchain_state结构体定义： *)
type ('staged_ledger_hash, 'snarked_ledger_hash, 'local_state, 'time) t =
        { staged_ledger_hash : 'staged_ledger_hash
        ; genesis_ledger_hash : 'snarked_ledger_hash
        ; registers :
            ('snarked_ledger_hash, unit, 'local_state) Registers.Stable.V1.t
        ; timestamp : 'time
        }
val create_value :
     staged_ledger_hash:Staged_ledger_hash.t
  -> genesis_ledger_hash:Frozen_ledger_hash.t
  -> registers:(Frozen_ledger_hash.t, unit, Local_state.t) Registers.Stable.V1.t
  -> timestamp:Block_time.t
  -> Value.t

(* staged_ledger_hash结构体定义为： *)
	type ('non_snark, 'pending_coinbase_hash) t =
        { non_snark : 'non_snark
        ; pending_coinbase_hash : 'pending_coinbase_hash
        }
    val pending_coinbase_hash : t -> Pending_coinbase.Hash.t
(* Non_snark结构体定义为：*)
type t =
        { ledger_hash : Ledger_hash.Stable.V1.t
        ; aux_hash : Aux_hash.Stable.V1.t
        ; pending_coinbase_aux : Pending_coinbase_aux.Stable.V1.t
        }

(* registers结构体定义为： *)
type ('ledger, 'pending_coinbase_stack, 'local_state) t =
      { ledger : 'ledger
      ; pending_coinbase_stack : 'pending_coinbase_stack
      ; local_state : 'local_state
      }
(* Local_state结构体定义为 *)
type ( 'parties
           , 'call_stack
           , 'token_id
           , 'excess
           , 'ledger
           , 'bool
           , 'comm
           , 'failure_status_tbl )
           t =
        { parties : 'parties
        ; call_stack : 'call_stack
        ; transaction_commitment : 'comm
        ; full_transaction_commitment : 'comm
        ; token_id : 'token_id
        ; excess : 'excess
        ; ledger : 'ledger
        ; success : 'bool
        ; failure_status_tbl : 'failure_status_tbl
        }

(* Consensus_state结构体定义为： *)
(* We have a list of state hashes. When we extend the blockchain,
     we see if the **previous** state should be saved as a checkpoint.
     This is because we have convenient access to the entire previous
     protocol state hash.

     We divide the slots of an epoch into "checkpoint windows": chunks of
     size [checkpoint_window_size]. The goal is to record the first block
     in a given window as a check-point if there are any blocks in that
     window, and zero checkpoints if the window was empty.

     To that end, we store in each state a bit [checkpoint_window_filled] which
     is true iff there has already been a state in the history of the given state
     which is in the same checkpoint window as the given state.
  *)
  module Consensus_state = struct
    module Poly = struct
      [%%versioned
      module Stable = struct
        module V1 = struct
          type ( 'length
               , 'vrf_output
               , 'amount
               , 'global_slot
               , 'global_slot_since_genesis
               , 'staking_epoch_data
               , 'next_epoch_data
               , 'bool
               , 'pk )
               t =
            { blockchain_length : 'length
            ; epoch_count : 'length
            ; min_window_density : 'length
            ; sub_window_densities : 'length list
            ; last_vrf_output : 'vrf_output
            ; total_currency : 'amount
            ; curr_global_slot : 'global_slot
            ; global_slot_since_genesis : 'global_slot_since_genesis
            ; staking_epoch_data : 'staking_epoch_data
            ; next_epoch_data : 'next_epoch_data
            ; has_ancestor_in_same_checkpoint_window : 'bool
            ; block_stake_winner : 'pk
            ; block_creator : 'pk
            ; coinbase_receiver : 'pk
            ; supercharge_coinbase : 'bool
            }
          [@@deriving sexp, equal, compare, hash, yojson, fields, hlist]
        end
      end]
    end

(* consensus constants结构体定义为：*)
type ('length, 'time, 'timespan) t =
        { k : 'length
        ; delta : 'length
        ; slots_per_sub_window : 'length
        ; slots_per_window : 'length
        ; sub_windows_per_window : 'length
        ; slots_per_epoch : 'length (* The first slot after the grace period. *)
        ; grace_period_end : 'length
        ; checkpoint_window_slots_per_year : 'length
        ; checkpoint_window_size_in_slots : 'length
        ; block_window_duration_ms : 'timespan
        ; slot_duration_ms : 'timespan
        ; epoch_duration : 'timespan
        ; delta_duration : 'timespan
        ; genesis_state_timestamp : 'time
        }

protocol state中包含：

1）previous_state_hash：为Commitment to previous block (hash of previous protocol state hash and body hash)，如“3NLKJLNbD7rBAbGdjZz3tfNBPYxUJJaLmwCP9jMKR65KSz4RKV6b”。

2）body：

2.1）genesis_state_hash：为对应genesis protocol state的哈希值（用于硬分叉），如“3NLqscU3JrErHUiBs4ipxqvn49uiwC2FdzfPCg61huBMXcDXNRvq”。

2.2）blockchain_state：ledger相关state

2.2.1）staged_ledger_hash：

"staged_ledger_hash":{
    "non_snark":{
        "ledger_hash":"jww8oCgvdNPZujYVLh1oHyCzMupX5DeGBeavb7C8YEUbeZu7UUN",
        "aux_hash":"VJDsgppyZcz9CK8cFT23QXTfQiujCesL2uUnfktubQzqWjr6PL",
        "pending_coinbase_aux":"XH9htC21tQMDKM6hhATkQjecZPRUGpofWATXPkjB5QKxpTBv7H"
    },
    "pending_coinbase_hash":"2n2Dr16Ft9cgknFUfVFXpcq6gE3rWoW5jtgAW5SDduE2am98kRSE"
},

2.2.2）genesis_ledger_hash：如"jxRZMzMSPVEMJ9wE4yqKEwQqVS3KZfDewHLYCC9aeqdig68Trco"。
2.2.3）registers：

"registers":{
    "ledger":"jxRZMzMSPVEMJ9wE4yqKEwQqVS3KZfDewHLYCC9aeqdig68Trco",
    "pending_coinbase_stack":null,
    "local_state":{
        "parties":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        "call_stack":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        "transaction_commitment":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        "full_transaction_commitment":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        "token_id":"wSHV2S4qX9jFsLjQo8r1BsMLH2ZRKsZx6EJd1sbozGPieEC4Jf",
        "excess":"0",
        "ledger":"jw6bz2wud1N6itRUHZ5ypo3267stk4UgzkiuWtAMPRZo9g4Udyd",
        "success":true,
        "failure_status_tbl":[
        ]
    }
},

2.2.4）timestamp：

2.3）consensus_state：共识相关state

2.3.1）blockchain_length：区块高度
2.3.2）epoch_count：epoch number
2.3.3）min_window_density：当前链观察到的最小windows density
2.3.4）sub_window_densities：当前sliding window of densities
2.3.5）last_vrf_output：leader输出的额外VRF output（用于seeding Random Oracle）
2.3.6）total_currency：currency的总供应量
2.3.7）curr_global_slot：包含了slot_number和slots_per_epoch（如7140）。当前global slot number relative to the current hard fork。
2.3.8）global_slot_since_genesis：absolute global slot number since genesis。
2.3.9）staking_epoch_data：epoch data for previous epoch。

        "staking_epoch_data":{
            "ledger":{
                "hash":"jxRZMzMSPVEMJ9wE4yqKEwQqVS3KZfDewHLYCC9aeqdig68Trco",
                "total_currency":"66000000000000"
            },
            "seed":"2va9BGv9JrLTtrzZttiEMDYw1Zj6a6EHzXjmP9evHDTG3oEquURA",
            "start_checkpoint":"3NK2tkzqqK5spR2sZ7tujjqPksL45M3UUrcA4WhCkeiPtnugyE2x",
            "lock_checkpoint":"3NK2tkzqqK5spR2sZ7tujjqPksL45M3UUrcA4WhCkeiPtnugyE2x",
            "epoch_length":"1"
        },

2.3.10）next_epoch_data：epoch data for current epoch。

      "next_epoch_data":{
            "ledger":{
                "hash":"jxRZMzMSPVEMJ9wE4yqKEwQqVS3KZfDewHLYCC9aeqdig68Trco",
                "total_currency":"66000000000000"
            },
            "seed":"2vaHfBaUHKS7GYG6VpEp4Kn6Xjhc35wrDExNiZkwVj5aC95jvyk8",
            "start_checkpoint":"3NK2tkzqqK5spR2sZ7tujjqPksL45M3UUrcA4WhCkeiPtnugyE2x",
            "lock_checkpoint":"3NLqscU3JrErHUiBs4ipxqvn49uiwC2FdzfPCg61huBMXcDXNRvq",
            "epoch_length":"3"
        },

2.3.11）has_ancestor_in_same_checkpoint_window：true
2.3.12）block_stake_winner：winning account的压缩公钥。
2.3.13）block_creator：产块者的压缩公钥。
2.3.14）coinbase_receiver：接收block reward账号的压缩公钥。
2.3.15）supercharge_coinbase：true if block_stake_winner has no locked tokens，false otherwise。

2.4）constants：为共识相关参数。

           "constants":{
                "k":"290",
                "slots_per_epoch":"7140",
                "slots_per_sub_window":"7",
                "delta":"0",
                "genesis_state_timestamp":"1600251300000"
            }

5.2 protocol state proof

protocol state proof为a blockchain proof，用于证明产块者新生成的protocol state是正确的。由于采用了recursive SNARKs，该protocol state proof证明了the entire history of the chain is valid。

"protocol_state_proof":"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"

5.3 staged ledger diff

当产块者赢得了一个slot来产块时，他会从transaction pool中选择交易并从snark pool中选择任意snark work；他会创建the proposed next state of the blockchain，其中包括创建a diff of the staged ledger。a diff中包括：

1）该区块中所包含的交易；
2）由snark workders为之前添加的交易生成的SNARK proofs list；
3）Pending coinbase

可将staged ledger看成是a pending accounts database that has transactions(payments, coinbase, and proof fee payments) applied for which there are no SNARKs available yet。

staged ledger中包含了：

1）account state (ledger)
2）a transaction queue for transactions without SNARK proof（即为scan state）

其中nonce值会逐笔交易递增。

 "staged_ledger_diff":{
	"diff": [
            {
                "completed_works":[

                ],
                "commands":[
                    {
                        "data":[
                            "Signed_command",
                            {
                                "payload":{
                                    "common":{
                                        "fee":"0.1",
                                        "fee_payer_pk":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
                                        "nonce":"0",
                                        "valid_until":"4294967295",
                                        "memo":"E4YM2vTHhWEg66xpj52JErHUBU4pZ1yageL4TVDDpTTSsv8mK6YaH"
                                    },
                                    "body":[
                                        "Payment",
                                        {
                                            "source_pk":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
                                            "receiver_pk":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
                                            "amount":"0"
                                        }
                                    ]
                                },
                                "signer":"B62qiy32p8kAKnny8ZFwoMhYpBppM1DWVCqAPBYNcXnsAHhnfAAuXgg",
                                "signature":"7mX9wRyDEq5SXYSWLCaCAVza4wQy2JBsZXL2SjQiG6mYbZmTj6rvTp77GDQadrHGYHDtaRTWSWLAQ8d7jKnPERAWQxVUg5AM"
                            }
                        ],
                        "status":[
                            "Applied",
                            {
                                "fee_payer_account_creation_fee_paid":null,
                                "receiver_account_creation_fee_paid":null
                            },
                            {
                                "fee_payer_balance":"65999900000000",
                                "source_balance":"65999900000000",
                                "receiver_balance":"65999900000000"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    ............
          ]
       },
       null
	]
 }

5.4 Delta transition chain proof

在网络周围广播或gossip新生成的区块以应对不利的网络条件时，存在允许的网络延迟。delta transition chain proof 证明了该区块是在分配的 slot time 内生成的。

参考资料

[1] Mina官网
[2] 【链向测评】Coda：看起来很美的轻量级公链
[3] Consensus on the Mina Blockchain
[4] Mina常问问题列表
[5] Mina Protocol Architecture
[6] Ouroboros Samasika Consensus
[7] Block structure
[8] What’s in a Block
[9] Mina rfc 0041-infra-testnet-persistence.md

mutourend

关注

1
点赞
踩
3

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Mina概览

1. 引言Mina致力于成为web3的隐私和安全层。Mina为世界上最轻的区块链，其大小约为22KB，使得用户可快速直接地从其手机和其它链访问Mina的当前状态。Mina主要特性有：1）保护数据隐私：Mina的zkApp，其智能合约采用了零知识证明，可使用户控制其隐私，仅对外分享其data proof。2）从其它链访问Mina：由于Mina的轻量化设计和Mina zkApp智能合约的链下计算特性。当前在致力于建立Mina和以太坊bridge。未来将构建更多不同链之间的trustless brid
复制链接

扫一扫