SQLZOO(4) The JOIN operation

 

https://sqlzoo.net/wiki/The_JOIN_operation

The JOIN operation 

This tutorial introduces JOIN which allows you to use data from two or more tables. 

                                                                                                                                                                                   

1.The first example shows the goal scored by a player with the last name 'Bender'. The * says to list all the columns in the table - a shorter way of saying matchid, teamid, player, gtime

Modify it to show the matchid and player name for all goals scored by Germany. To identify German players, check for: teamid = 'GER'

SELECT * FROM goal 
  WHERE player LIKE '%Bender'
SELECT matchid, player FROM goal 
  WHERE teamid =  'GER'

From the previous query you can see that Lars Bender's scored a goal in game 1012. Now we want to know what teams were playing in that match.

Notice in the that the column matchid in the goal table corresponds to the id column in the game table. We can look up information about game 1012 by finding that row in the game table.

Show id, stadium, team1, team2 for just game 1012

SELECT id,stadium,team1,team2
  FROM game
  WHERE id = 1012

1You can combine the two steps into a single query with a JOIN.

The FROM clause says to merge data from the goal table with that from the game table.

The ON says how to figure out which rows in game go with which rows in goal - the matchid from goal must match id from game. (If we wanted to be more clear/specific we could say

ON (game.id=goal.matchid)

SELECT *
  FROM game JOIN goal ON (id=matchid)

2Modify it to show the player, teamid, stadium and mdate for every German goal.

SELECT player, teamid, stadium, mdate
  FROM game JOIN goal ON (game.id=goal.matchid)
  WHERE teamid = 'Ger'

4.Use the same JOIN as in the previous question.

Show the team1, team2 and player for every goal scored by a player called Mario player LIKE 'Mario%'

SELECT team1,team2,player
from game Join goal ON (game.id = goal.Matchid)
where player LIKE 'Mario%'

5.The table eteam gives details of every national team including the coach. You can JOIN goal to eteam using the phrase goal JOIN eteam on teamid=id

Show player, teamid, coach, gtime for all goals scored in the first 10 minutes gtime<=10 

SELECT player, teamid,coach, gtime
  FROM goal Join eteam on teamid =id
 WHERE gtime<=10

6..To JOIN game with eteam you could use either
game JOIN eteam ON (team1=eteam.id) or game JOIN eteam ON (team2=eteam.id)

Notice that because id is a column name in both game and eteam you must specify eteam.id instead of just id

List the dates of the matches and the name of the team in which 'Fernando Santos' was the team1 coach.

Select mdate,teamname 
from game Join eteam ON(team1 = eteam.id)
where coach = 'Fernando Santos'

7.List the player for every goal scored in a game where the stadium was 'National Stadium, Warsaw'

Select player
from game join goal ON(game.id = goal.Matchid)
where game.stadium in ('National Stadium, Warsaw')

8.The example query shows all goals scored in the Germany-Greece quarterfinal.

Instead show the name of all players who scored a goal against Germany.

SELECT DISTINCT player
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
    WHERE (teamid != 'Ger')
    AND (team1='GER' OR team2='GER')



--https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/40050124
SELECT DISTINCT player
FROM game JOIN goal ON game.id=goal.matchid 
WHERE goal.teamid<>'GER'
AND (team1='GER' OR team2='GER')

9.Show teamname and the total number of goals scored.

COUNT and GROUP BY  You should COUNT(*) in the SELECT line and GROUP BY teamname

SELECT teamname,count(teamid)
  FROM eteam JOIN goal ON id = teamid
Group BY teamname

10.Show the stadium and the number of goals scored in each stadium.

Select stadium,count(id)
 from goal Join game On id = matchid
group by stadium

11.For every match involving 'POL', show the matchid, date and the number of goals scored.

SELECT matchid,mdate,count(matchid)
  FROM game JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
 WHERE (team1 = 'POL' OR team2 = 'POL')
Group by matchid,mdate

12.For every match where 'GER' scored, show matchid, match date and the number of goals scored by 'GER'

Select matchid, mdate, count(gtime)
 From game JOIN goal on id = matchid
 WHERE (teamid = 'GER')
Group by matchid,mdate

13.List every match with the goals scored by each team as shown. This will use "CASE WHEN" which has not been explained in any previous exercises.

CASE allows you to return different values under different conditions.

If none of the conditions match (and there is not ELSE) then NULL is returned.

CASE allows you to return different values under different conditions.

If none of the conditions match (and there is not ELSE) then NULL is returned.

  CASE WHEN condition1 THEN value1 
       WHEN condition2 THEN value2  
       ELSE def_value 
  END 

 

Notice in the query given every goal is listed. If it was a team1 goal then a 1 appears in score1, otherwise there is a 0. You could SUM this column to get a count of the goals scored by team1. 

Sort your result by mdate, matchid, team1 and team2.

SELECT mdate,team1,SUM(CASE WHEN teamid=team1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS score1,
team2,SUM(CASE WHEN teamid=team2 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS score2
FROM game LEFT JOIN goal ON matchid = id
GROUP BY mdate,team1,team2
-https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/40050124

由于要求列出所有比赛比分，因此要game LEFT JOIN goal，否则将漏掉都没有进球的比赛；

CASE WHEN 表示对不同结果进行判定，得出不同值，SUM对case when结果汇总。