MySQL索引优化解决方案--索引优化(4)

排序优化

1. 尽量避免使用Using FileSort方式排序。
2. order by语句使用索引最左前列或使用where子句与order by子句条件组合满足索引最左前列。
3. where子句中如果出现索引范围查询会导致order by索引失效。

单表查询优化

内连接时，mysql会自动把小结果集的选为驱动表，所以大表的字段最好加上索引。左外连接时，左表会全表扫描，所以右边大表字段最好加上索引，右外连接同理。我们最好保证被驱动表上的字段建立了索引。

-- 单表查询优化
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS article (
id INT(10) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
author_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
category_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
views INT(10) NOT NULL,
comments INT(10) NOT NULL,
title VARBINARY(255) NOT NULL,
content TEXT NOT NULL
);
 
INSERT INTO article(author_id, category_id, views, comments, title, content) VALUES
(1, 1, 1, 1, '1', '1'),
(2, 2, 2, 2, '2', '2'),
(1, 1, 3, 3, '3', '3');

#1.查询category_id为1的，且comments大于1的情况下，views最多的id和author_id的信息
explain select id,author_id 
from article
where category_id=1 and comments>1 order by views desc limit 1;
#2.建立索引
alter table article add index idx_ccv(category_id,comments,views);
#3.再次测试
explain select id,author_id 
from article
where category_id=1 and comments>1 order by views desc limit 1;
#4.重新创建索引
drop index idx_ccv on article;
alter table article add index idx_cv(category_id,views);
#5.再次测试
explain select id,author_id 
from article
where category_id=1 and comments>1 order by views desc limit 1;

联表查询优化

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS class (
id INT(10) AUTO_INCREMENT,
card INT(10),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS book (
bookid INT(10) AUTO_INCREMENT,
card INT(10),
PRIMARY KEY (bookid)
);
 
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
 
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

#1.联表查询
explain select *
from class
left join book
on class.card = book.card;
#2.建立索引
alter table book add index idx_card(card);
#3.测试
explain select *
from class
left join book
on class.card = book.card;

分组查询优化

优化规则参照排序优化

drop table if exists students;
CREATE TABLE students (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT "主键id",
  sname VARCHAR (24) COMMENT '学生姓名',
  age INT COMMENT '年龄',
  score INT COMMENT '分数',
	time TIMESTAMP COMMENT '入学时间'
);
 
INSERT INTO students(sname,age,score,time) VALUES('小明',22,100,now());
INSERT INTO students(sname,age,score,time) VALUES('小红',23,80,now());
INSERT INTO students(sname,age,score,time) VALUES('小绿',24,80,now());
INSERT INTO students(sname,age,score,time) VALUES('黑',23,70,now());

-- 分组优化
explain select count(*),sname from students GROUP BY sname;
alter table students add index idx_sas(sname,age,score);
explain select count(*),sname 
from students 
where sname="小明" and age > 22
GROUP BY score;

慢查询日志

MySQL的慢查询日志是MySQL提供的一种日志记录，他用来记录在MySQL中响应时间超过阀值的语句，具体指运行时间超过long_query_time值的SQL，则会被记录到慢查询日志中。可以由它来查看哪些SQL超出了我们最大忍耐时间值。

慢查询日志使用：

默认情况下，MySQL数据库没有开启慢查询日志，需要手动设置参数。
查看是否开启：show variables like '%slow_query_log%'
开启日志：set global slow_query_log = 1 单位=>秒
设置时间：set global long_query_time = 1 单位=>秒
查看时间：show variables like 'long_query_time%'
查看超时的SQL记录日志：MySQL的数据文件夹下 \5.6\Data\设备名称-slow.log

注意：非调优场景下，一般不建议改启动参数，慢查询日志支持将日志记录写入文件，开启慢查询日志会或多或少带来一定的性能影响。

-- 慢查询日志
-- 查看是否开启：show variables like '%slow_query_log%';
show variables like '%slow_query_log%';
-- 开启日志：set global slow_query_log = 1;
set global slow_query_log = 1;
-- 设置时间: set global long_query_time = 1;
set global long_query_time = 3;
-- 查看时间: SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'long_query_time%';
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'long_query_time%';

select * from person where PNAME = "test2";
select * from students;