TCP/IP Illustrated
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介绍TCP/IP协议,了解TCP/IP模型,参考史蒂芬斯的书籍
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TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 33
Lease Query and Bulk Lease QueryIn some environments it is useful to allow a third-party system (such as a relay or access concentrator) to learn the address bindings for a particular DHCP client. Th...原创 2024-09-03 09:06:43 · 871 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 32
Protocol OperationThe DHCPv6 protocol operates much like its DHCPv4 counterpart. Whether or not a client initiates the use of DHCP is dependent on configuration options carried in an ICMPv6 Router Ad...原创 2024-08-05 13:15:27 · 658 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 31
NoteThere has been some difficulty in Windows environments regarding the use of the broadcast flag. Windows XP and Windows 7 DHCP clients do not set the flag, but Windows Vista clients do. Some DHCP...原创 2024-07-01 10:47:35 · 565 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 30
Attacks Involving IPThere have been a number of attacks on the IP protocol over the years, based primarily on the operation of options, or by exploiting bugs in specialized code (such as fragment rea...原创 2024-06-03 14:00:46 · 920 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 29
Host ModelsAlthough it may appear to be a straightforward decision to determine whether a received unicast datagram matches one of a host’s IP addresses and should be processed, this decision depends...原创 2024-06-03 14:00:24 · 555 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 27
Fragment HeaderThe Fragment header is used by an IPv6 source when sending a datagram larger than the path MTU of the datagram’s intended destination. Path MTU and how it is determined are discussed i...原创 2024-04-07 11:01:46 · 500 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 26
Pad1 and PadNIPv6 options are aligned to 8-byte offsets, so options that are naturally smaller are padded with 0 bytes to round out their lengths to the nearest 8 bytes. Two padding options are avail...原创 2024-03-04 17:51:11 · 792 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 25
Mathematics of the Internet ChecksumFor the mathematically inclined, the set of 16-bit hexadecimal values V = {0001, . . . , FFFF} and the one’s complement sum operation + together form an Abelian gr...原创 2024-02-02 09:14:29 · 722 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 24
Using ARP to Set an Embedded Device’s IPv4 AddressAs more embedded devices are made compatible with Ethernet and the TCP/IP protocols, it is increasingly common to find network-attached devices that ...原创 2024-02-02 09:13:30 · 560 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 23
ARP CacheEssential to the efficient operation of ARP is the maintenance of an ARP cache (or table) on each host and router. This cache maintains the recent mappings from network-layer addresses to ha...原创 2024-01-12 11:49:39 · 962 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 22
Attacks on the Link LayerAttacking layers below TCP/IP in order to affect the operations of TCP/IP networks has been a popular approach because much of the link-layer information is not shared by the...原创 2023-12-05 10:30:06 · 858 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 21
LoopbackAlthough it may seem surprising, in many cases clients may wish to communicate with servers on the same computer using Internet protocols such as TCP/IP. To enable this, most implementations ...原创 2023-11-07 09:26:43 · 90 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 20
LCP OptionsSeveral options can be negotiated by LCP as it establishes a link for use by one or more NCPs. We shall discuss two of the more common ones. The Asynchronous Control Character Map (ACCM) o...原创 2023-10-07 14:13:58 · 103 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 19
802.11 Higher Throughput/802.11nIn late 2009, the IEEE standardized 802.11n [802.11n-2009] as an amendment to [802.11-2007]. It makes a number of important changes to 802.11. To support higher throug...原创 2023-09-04 09:37:12 · 116 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 18
Virtual Carrier Sense, RTS/CTS, and the Network Allocation Vector (NAV)In the 802.11 MAC protocol, a virtual carrier sense mechanism operates by observing the Duration field present in each MAC frame...原创 2023-08-04 17:59:12 · 141 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 17
Wireless LANs—IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi)One of the most popular technologies being used to access the Internet today is wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), also known by its IEEE standard name 802.11, effectively a w...原创 2023-07-03 09:22:40 · 95 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 16
BPDU StructureTo determine the links in the spanning tree, STP uses BPDUs that adhere to the format shown in Figure 3-15.The format shown in Figure 3-15 applies to both the original STP as well as t...原创 2023-06-12 10:17:04 · 690 阅读 · 0 评论 -
Unix Network Programming Episode 71
SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGEThis notification informs an application that a change has occurred to an association; either a new association has begun or an existing association has ended. The information provi...原创 2023-06-12 10:14:01 · 759 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 15
Duplex MismatchHistorically, there have been some interoperability problems using autonegotiation, especially when a computer and its associated switch port are configured using different duplex conf...原创 2023-05-05 17:11:30 · 722 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 14
Frame SizesThere is both a minimum and a maximum size of Ethernet frames. The minimum is 64 bytes, requiring a minimum data area (payload) length of 48 bytes (no tags). In cases where the payload is ...原创 2023-04-03 08:59:19 · 251 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 13
Ethernet and the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN StandardsThe term Ethernet generally refers to a set of standards first published in 1980 and revised in 1982 by Digital Equipment Corp., Intel Corp., and Xerox Corp...原创 2023-03-01 10:08:07 · 246 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 11
IPv4 Multicast AddressesFor IPv4, the class D space (224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255) has been reserved for supporting multicast. With 28 bits free, this provides for the possibility of 2282^{28}228 = 268,...原创 2023-01-03 08:55:12 · 380 阅读 · 2 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 10
PrefixesIn order to help relieve the pressure on the availability of IPv4 addresses (especially class B addresses), the classful addressing scheme was generalized using a scheme similar to VLSM, and ...原创 2022-12-01 10:07:16 · 294 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 9
Subnet AddressingOne of the earliest difficulties encountered when the Internet began to grow was the inconvenience of having to allocate a new network number for any new network segment that was to ...原创 2022-11-07 16:03:09 · 185 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 8
The Internet Address ArchitectureIntroductionThis chapter deals with the structure of network-layer addresses used in the Internet, also known as IP addresses. We discuss how addresses are allocated...原创 2022-10-08 11:30:28 · 208 阅读 · 1 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 7
Designing ApplicationsThe network concepts we have touched upon so far provide a fairly simple service model [RFC6250]: moving bytes between programs running on different (or, occasionally, the same)...原创 2022-09-05 15:42:38 · 149 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 6
Multiplexing, Demultiplexing, and Encapsulation in TCP/IPWe have already discussed the basics of protocol multiplexing, demultiplexing, and encapsulation. At each layer there is an identifier that al...原创 2022-08-01 08:50:15 · 117 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 5
Design and ImplementationAlthough a protocol architecture may suggest a certain approach to implementation, it usually does not include a mandate. Consequently, we make a distinction between the prot...原创 2022-07-06 08:28:17 · 133 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 4
IntroductionIntroductionEffective communication depends on the use of a common language. This is true for humans and other animals as well as for computers. When a set of common behaviors is used wi...原创 2022-06-08 08:28:48 · 147 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 3
这是新的书,TCP/IP详解三卷。由于之前的经验,目前简单说明一下笔记记录方法。首先还是英文版本,复制。第一卷复制文字,使用Wireshark查看各类协议,可能部分协议需要使用特殊机器,如果实在不行就跳过。截图发到博客上。代码还是要抄的。第二卷有源码,打算在Ubuntu使用Visual Studio Code查看。不贴代码,因为代码就是源代码。图要自己写在笔记本上,在图书馆看。第三卷这...原创 2019-07-29 09:11:17 · 344 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 1
1、下载源代码 http://www.kohala.com/start/ttcpcliserv.tar2、解压缩。3、输入下面的命令,在README中:cc -c error.c sleepus.car -crv libmisc.a error.o sleepus.oranlib libmisc.a # needed for a BSD-derived system...原创 2018-01-14 08:56:40 · 264 阅读 · 0 评论 -
TCP/IP Illustrated Episode 2
安装好FreeBSD,继续编译剩下的代码。1、链接 http://www.kohala.com/start/tcpipiv1.tar.Z2、解压缩3、makefile需要修改# Following line for SVR4, Solaris 2.x#LIBS = /usr/ucblib/libucb.a -lsocket -lnsl 注释掉# Following ...原创 2018-02-01 09:01:59 · 208 阅读 · 0 评论