Servlet中的HttpServlet

大多数Web应用都是通过HTTP和客户端进行交互
因此，在Servlet接口中，提供了一个抽象类javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet，它是GenericServlet的子类，专门用于创建应用于HTTP的Servlet

查看HttpServlet类的源代码
首先，从Tomcat的lib文件中，找到Servlet的jar包——servlet-api.jar
查看jar包，使用压缩软件打开jar包，找到HttpServlet.class类文件

查看class文件，直接使用idea打开

代码如下

public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
    public HttpServlet() {
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
     ……   
    }
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       ……
    }
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        long lastModified;
        if (method.equals("GET")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1L) {
                this.doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException var9) {
                    ifModifiedSince = -1L;
                }

                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified / 1000L * 1000L) {
                    this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    this.doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(304);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            this.doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("POST")) {
            this.doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("PUT")) {
            this.doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) {
            this.doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) {
            this.doOptions(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) {
            this.doTrace(req, resp);
        } else {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method};
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
        }

    }
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpServletRequest request;
        HttpServletResponse response;
        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
        } catch (ClassCastException var6) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        this.service(request, response);
    }

代码说明
可以发现，HttpServlet主要有两大功能
一、根据用语请求方式的不同，定义相应的doXXX()方法，处理用户请求，比如
与GET请求方式对应的doGet()方法
与POST请求方式对应的doPost()方法
二、通过service()方法，将HTTP请求和响应分别转为HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse类型的对象

注意
由于，HttpServlet类在重写的service()方法中，为每一个HTTP请求方式，都定义了对应的doXXX()方法，因此，当定义的类继承HttpServlet之后，只需要根据请求方式，重写对应的doXXX()方法，即可，而不需要重写service()方法