C++11中function对象作回调函数的用法

主要参考了这篇博文http://www.cnblogs.com/inevermore/p/4038498.html，感谢原作者。

Thread中的函数回调方法，保存着以后使用。

#ifndef THREAD_H_
#define THREAD_H_

#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <functional>
#include <pthread.h>

class Thread : boost::noncopyable
{
public:
    typedef std::function<void ()> ThreadCallback;

    Thread(ThreadCallback callback);
    ~Thread();
    void start();
    void join();
    static void *runInThread(void *);

private:
    pthread_t threadId_;
    bool isRunning_;
    ThreadCallback callback_; //回调函数
};

#endif //THREAD_H_

#include "Thread.h"

Thread::Thread(ThreadCallback callback)
: threadId_(0),
  isRunning_(false),
  callback_(std::move(callback))//move将表达式转换为右值
{

}

Thread::~Thread()
{
    if(isRunning_)
    {
        pthread_detach(threadId_);
    }
}

void Thread::start()
{
    pthread_create(&threadId_, NULL, runInThread, this);
    isRunning_ = true;
}
void Thread::join()
{
    pthread_join(threadId_, NULL);
    isRunning_ = false;
}

void *Thread::runInThread(void *arg)
{
    Thread *pt = static_cast<Thread*>(arg);
    pt->callback_(); //调用回调函数

    return NULL;
}

(1) 将普通函数作为回调函数

void foo()
{
    while(1)
    {
        printf("foo\n");
        sleep(1);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Thread t(&foo);

    t.start();
    t.join();

    return 0;
}

(2) 类的成员函数作为回调函数

class Foo
{
public:
    void foo(int i)
    {
        while(1)
        {
            printf("foo %d\n", i++);
            sleep(1);
        }
    }
};


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Foo f;
    int i = 34;
    Thread t(bind(&Foo::foo, &f, i));

    t.start();
    t.join();

    return 0;
}

(3) 组合一个新的线程类

class Foo
{
public:

    Foo()
    : thread_(bind(&Foo::foo, this))
    {
    }

    void start()
    {
        thread_.start();
        thread_.join();
    }

    void foo()
    {
        while(1)
        {
            printf("foo\n");
            sleep(1);
        }
    }
private:
    Thread thread_;
};

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Foo f;
    f.start();

    return 0;
}