Android自定义控件以及控件属性的自定义

自定义控件在android中无处不见，自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说，一个视图为imageview  ，imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合，用的地方有很多，我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合，既浪费时间，效率又低。在这种情况下，我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们，不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。

一、控件自定义属性介绍

以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义，属性均可随意命名。

1. reference：参考某一资源ID。

示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
                   <attr name = "src" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>

2. color：颜色值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>

3. boolean：布尔值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>

4. dimension：尺寸值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>

5. float：浮点值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>

6. integer：整型值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
            </declare-styleable>

7. string：字符串。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "text" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>

8. fraction：百分数。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
            </declare-styleable>

9. enum：枚举值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>

10. flag：位或运算。

示例：

             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>

11.多类型。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现

1、构思控件的组成元素，思考所需自定义的属性。

       比如：我要做一个  <带阴影的按钮，按钮正下方有文字说明>（类似9宫格按钮） 

       新建values/attrs.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="custom_view">
        <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />
        <attr name="src" format="reference" />
        <attr name="background" format="reference" />
        <attr name="text" format="string" />
        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>

       以上，所定义为custom_view，custom_id为按钮id，src为按钮，background为阴影背景，text为按钮说明，textColor为字体颜色，textSize为字体大小。

2、怎么自定义控件呢，怎么使用这些属性呢？话不多说请看代码，CustomView ：

package com.nanlus.custom;

import com.nanlus.custom.R;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener {

	private CustomListener customListener = null;

	private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null;
	private String mText = "";
	private int mTextColor = 0;
	private float mTextSize = 20;
	private int mCustomId = 0;

	private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;
	private ImageButton mButtonView = null;
	private TextView mTextView = null;

	private LayoutParams mParams = null;

	public CustomView(Context context) {
		super(context);

	}

	public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);

		TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
				R.styleable.custom_view);

		mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);
		mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);
		mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);
		mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor,
				Color.WHITE);
		mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);
		mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);

		mTextView = new TextView(context);
		mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);
		mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);
		mTextView.setText(mText);
		mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
		mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
				LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

		mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);
		mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);
		mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);
		mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
				LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
		mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);

		mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);
		mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);
		mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(
				LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

		addView(mBackgroundView);
		addView(mButtonView);
		addView(mTextView);

		this.setOnClickListener(this);

		a.recycle();
	}

	@Override
	protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
		super.onAttachedToWindow();

		mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();
		if (mParams != null) {
			mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
			mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
		}

		mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();
		if (mParams != null) {
			mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
			mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
		}

		mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();
		if (mParams != null) {
			mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
			mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
		}
	}

	public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l) {
		customListener = l;
	}

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		if (customListener != null) {
			customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);
		}
	}

	public interface CustomListener {
		void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);
	}
}

代码很简单，就不多说，下面来看看我们的CustomView是怎么用的，请看：

 
3、自定义控件的使用

      话不多说，请看代码，main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
         android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <com.nanlus.custom.CustomView
            android:id="@+id/custom1"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            nanlus:background="@drawable/background"
            nanlus:custom_id="1"
            nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button"
            nanlus:text="按钮1" >
        </com.nanlus.custom.CustomView>
    </LinearLayout>


</RelativeLayout>

在这里需要解释一下，

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"

nanlus为在xml中的前缀，com.nanlus.custom为包名

4、在Activity中，直接上代码

package com.nanlus.custom;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.nanlus.BaseActivity;
import com.nanlus.custom.R;
import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener;

public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener {

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

		setContentView(R.layout.main);

		((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);
	}

	@Override
	public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id) {
		switch (custom_id) {
		case 1:
			Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}

	}

}

至此，自定义控件属性以及运用讲解完毕，谢谢大家。本文链接： http://blog.csdn.net/nanlus/article/details/8219868