第十二章 位运算与嵌入式编程

1.1 位制转换

例题1

#define BIT_MASK(bit_pos) (0x01 << (bit_pos))

int Bit_Reset(unsigned int* val, unsigned char pos) {
if(pos >= sizeof(unsigned int) * 8)
return 0;
*val = *val & ~BIT_MASK(pos);
return 1;
}

int main() {
unsigned int x = 0xffffffff;
unsigned char y = 4;

Bit_Reset(&x, y);
printf("%x", x);
return 0;
}

其运行结果如下：

例题2

int main() {
unsigned short int i = 0;
int j = 8;
int p;
p = j << 1;
i = i - 1;
printf("p: %d, i: %d\n", p, i);
return 0;
}

运行结果如下图所示：

例题3

union {
unsigned char a;
unsigned int i;
}u;

int main() {
u.i = 0xf1f2f3f4;
unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)&u.i;
printf("p: %p, *p: %x\n", p, *p);
p++;
printf("p++: %p, *p: %x\n", p, *p);
p++;
printf("p++: %p, *p: %x\n", p, *p);
p++;
printf("p++: %p, *p: %x\n", p, *p);
printf("u.i: %x\n", u.i);
printf("&u.a: %p, u.a: %x\n", &u.a, (int)u.a);
return 0;
}

其运行结果如图所示：0x00f97140存放0xf4，0x00f97141存放0xf3，

0x00f97142存放0xf2，0x00f97143存放0xf1。所以VC是小端模式。

且u.a与u.i共享一片内存空间，存储在地址0x00f97140上。

例题4

#define BIT3 (0x01 << 3)

void set_bit3(int* p) {
*p |= BIT3;
}

void clear_bit3(int* p) {
*p &= ~BIT3;
}

int main() {
int b = 0xfffffff7;
int c = 0xffffffff;
printf("before b: %x, c: %x\n", b, c);
set_bit3(&b);
clear_bit3(&c);
printf("after b: %x, c: %x\n", b, c);
return 0;
}

运行结果如图所示：

例题5

int main() {
int *pa = NULL;
//same type pointer addition and substraction. so 15 is pointer.
int *pb = pa + 15;
printf("pb: %x = %d", pb, pb);
return 0;
}

运行结果如下图所示：

1.2 嵌入式编程

例题1

int main() {
unsigned int zero = 0;
unsigned int compzero = ~0;
printf("zero: %d, compzero: %d\n", zero, compzero);
return 0;
}

运行结果如下图所示：

例题2

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
char *ptr;
if ((ptr = (char*)malloc(0)) == NULL)
printf("Got a null pointer.\n");
else
   printf("Got a valid pointer.\n");

int a = strlen(ptr = (char *)malloc(0));
if(int pp = (strlen(ptr = (char *)malloc(0))) == 0)
printf("Got a null pointer.\n");
else 
printf("Got a valid pointer.\n");

if(int pp = (sizeof(ptr = (char *)malloc(0))) == 4)
printf("Got a null pointer.\n");
else 
printf("Got a valid pointer.\n");

return 0;
}

运行结果如下所示：malloc当不能成功分配一片内存空间时，将会返回NULL。

当传入0时，malloc会成功分配一片内存空间的。

对于strlen() 为啥不为0，请详细看

http://blog.csdn.net/nbbwyf/article/details/41205413这个网址的1.2-例题1里的解释了。

这里其实应该输出“Got a null pointer.”

1.3 static

例题1

int sum(int a) {
auto int c = 0;
static int b = 3;
c+=1;
b+=2;
return (a+b+c);
}

int main() {
int I;
int a = 2;
for(I = 0; I < 5; I++)
printf("%d, ", sum(a));
return 0;
}

static变量与auto变量区别。

运行结果如下图所示：