yum源创建、编译安装、分区管理示例

1、自建 yum 仓库,分别为本地源和网络源;
# 本地源(光盘)
## 1、插入并挂载光盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt

## 2、备份系统自带的 repo 文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/

## 3、创建 local.repo 文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

### 填入以下内容
[local]
name=local base
baseurl=file:///mnt/
gpgcheck=0

## 4、查看
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist

# 网络源(服务器IP为 10.10.10.111)
## 1、安装 httpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum imstall -y httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd

## 2、创建目录结构
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64

## 3、挂载光盘文件(先插入 centos 7 和 centos 6 的光盘,对应的设备分别为 /dev/sr0 和 /dev/sr1)
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/

##客户端设置
###(1)创建 aliyun.repo 文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/net.repo

#### 填入以下内容
[net]
name=net base
baseurl=http://10.10.10.111/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0

###(2)查看
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
2、编译安装 http2.4,实现可以正常访问,并将编译步骤和结果提交;
# 安装相关工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel apr-devel apr-util-devel

# 下载安装包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2

# 解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2

# 安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.43
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl --enable-so
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# make && make install

# 启动服务
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# /apps/httpd24/bin/apachectl start

# 测试
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# curl 127.0.0.1
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
3、创建一个 2G 的文件系统,块大小为 2048byte,预留 1% 可用空间,文件系统 ext4,卷标为 TEST,要求此分区开机后自动挂载至 /test 目录,且默认有 acl 挂载选项;
# 1、先准备有空余空间的硬盘,此处为 /dev/sdb ,可用空间20G

# 2、用fdisk创建分区
[root@centos7 data]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@centos7 data]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6f11fc49.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6f11fc49

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

# 3、格式化分区,指定块大小、预留空间、卷标
[root@centos7 data]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L TEST /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

# 4、将挂载信息添加到 /etc/fstab ,挂载为acl
[root@centos7 data]# echo UUID=`blkid | sed -nr 's/^\/dev\/sdb1.*"(.*)" T.*$/\1/p'` /test ext4 acl 0 0 >> /etc/fstab

# 5、创建挂载目录,立即生效挂载信息,查看挂载信息
[root@centos7 data]# mkdir /test
[root@centos7 data]# mount -a remount
[root@centos7 data]# df -h
Filesystem                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                         894M     0  894M   0% /dev
tmpfs                            910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                            910M   11M  900M   2% /run
tmpfs                            910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-root   50G  5.4G   45G  11% /
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-home   47G   39M   47G   1% /home
/dev/sda1                       1014M  193M  822M  20% /boot
tmpfs                            182M   12K  182M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                            182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs                            182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                        2.0G  9.1M  1.9G   1% /test
4、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为 20G 的名为 testvg 的 VG,要求 PE 大小为 16MB,而后在卷组中创建大小为 5G 的逻辑卷 testlv,挂载至 /users 目录。
# 1、准备硬盘,此处准备两块 /dev/sdb,/dev/sdc

# 2、在 /dev/sdb 创建一个10G的分区,分区ID改为8e
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

# 3、在 /dev/sdc 创建一个10G的分区,分区ID改为8e,操作方法同上
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

# 4、查看分区
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                       8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1                    8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2                    8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos_centos7-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos_centos7-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos_centos7-home 253:2    0   47G  0 lvm  /home
sdb                       8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
└─sdb1                    8:17   0   10G  0 part 
sdc                       8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
└─sdc1                    8:33   0   10G  0 part 
sr0                      11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom  

# 5、创建 pv
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
  
## 查看 pv 信息
[root@centos7 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG             Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos_centos7 lvm2 a--  <99.00g 4.00m
  /dev/sdb1  testvg         lvm2 a--    9.98g 9.98g
  /dev/sdc1  testvg         lvm2 a--    9.98g 9.98g

# 6、创建 vg
[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "testvg" successfully created
  
## 查看 vg 信息
[root@centos7 ~]# vgs
  VG             #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  
  centos_centos7   1   3   0 wz--n- <99.00g   4.00m
  testvg           2   1   0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g

# 7、创建 lv
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv testvg
  Logical volume "testlv" created.
  
## 查看 lv 信息 
[root@centos7 ~]# lvs
LV     VG             Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home   centos_centos7 -wi-ao---- 46.99g                                                    
root   centos_centos7 -wi-ao---- 50.00g                                                    
swap   centos_centos7 -wi-ao----  2.00g                                                    
testlv testvg         -wi-a-----  5.00g 

# 8、格式化分区
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

# 9、查看分区信息
[root@centos7 ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-root: UUID="458d1621-f955-41da-9c61-4cda5b7543b0" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="uv2ZRK-hGZh-0Nfa-3yAz-QXqy-ONu1-AbCOIj" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="f7cd1056-9888-4bfd-ae48-0eccace210e3" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sdb1: UUID="ZQiO6V-WdlI-aDYd-FSDP-0kjX-y5tm-2DdY6a" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-09-11-18-50-31-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos" 
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-swap: UUID="a0f7086a-edeb-446b-8c21-377f124045ea" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-home: UUID="67154c0f-af61-46be-87ae-f0ef0620190a" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sdc1: UUID="rzKRqQ-qNhx-PCoD-hc7Z-XFD5-xx3b-2OvKDQ" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: UUID="d4c744a0-96b7-4eae-9572-df84a3547379" TYPE="ext4"

# 10、将挂载信息写入到 /etc/fstab
echo /dev/testvg/testlv /users ext4 defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab

# 11、创建挂载目录,立即生效挂载信息,查看挂载信息
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /users
[root@centos7 ~]# mount -a remount
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                         894M     0  894M   0% /dev
tmpfs                            910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                            910M   11M  900M   2% /run
tmpfs                            910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-root   50G  5.4G   45G  11% /
/dev/sda1                       1014M  193M  822M  20% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos_centos7-home   47G   39M   47G   1% /home
tmpfs                            182M   12K  182M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                            182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs                            182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv        4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /users
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