一、自建yum仓库,分别为网络源和本地源
本地源:
- 虚拟机挂载光盘
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
- 备份原yum配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
[root@centos7 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
- 新建自定义配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[base]
name=base yum
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@centos7 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base base yum 4,067
repolist: 4,067
[root@centos7 ~]# ls /mnt/cdrom/Packages/*.rpm | wc -l
4067
网络源:
环境:
系统 | IP | 角色 |
---|---|---|
centos7 | 192.168.100.7 | yum源服务器 |
centos7 | 192.168.100.17 | 客户端 |
- yum源服务器上安装httpd服务
[root@yum-server ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@yum-server ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
- 创建对应目录
[root@yum-server ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
- 拷贝或者挂载镜像内容到对应目录
[root@yum-server ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 10G 1.9G 8.2G 19% /
/dev/sda3 7.5G 76M 7.5G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 131M 884M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64
- 客户端配置yum源
[root@client ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
[root@client ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[base]
name=base
baseurl=http://192.168.100.7/centos/$releaserver/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
- 安装测试
[root@client ~]# yum install -y wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
wget x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 test 547 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 547 k
Installed size: 2.0 M
Downloading packages:
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm | 547 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1
Complete!
二、编译安装http2.4,实现可以正常访问,并将编译步骤和结果提交。
环境:
系统 | IP |
---|---|
centos7 | 192.168.100.7 |
- 安装基础环境
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel expat-devel bzip2 wget
- 下载httpd、apr、apr-util源包并解压
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@centos7 src]# wget http://us.mirrors.quenda.co/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.41.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# tar -xjvf httpd-2.4.41.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# tar -xjvf apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# tar -xjvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
- 复制apr和apr-util到httpd-版本/srclib/
[root@centos7 src]# cp -r apr-1.7.0 httpd-2.4.41/srclib/arp
[root@centos7 src]# cp -r apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.41/srclib/arp-util
- 创建Makefile文件
[root@centos7 src]# cd httpd-2.4.41
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.41]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-included-apr \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enalbe-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
- 编译
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.41]# make
- 安装
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.41]# make install
- 复制httpd服务控制脚本到/usr/local/bin下,并启动httpd服务
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.41]# cp /usr/local/httpd24/bin/apachectl /usr/local/bin
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.41]# apachectl -k start
- 访问测试
三、创建一个2G的文件系统,块大小为2048byte,预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4,卷标为TEST,要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录,且默认有acl挂载选项
环境:
系统 | IP |
---|---|
centos7 | 192.168.100.7 |
- 虚拟机添加一块硬盘
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 10G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 7.5G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 1.5G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 2G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
- 创建分区
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x81000a64.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x81000a64
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): q
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdc3dd2e3.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default 4194303):
Using default value 4194303
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
- 创建文件系统
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L TEST /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048064 blocks
10480 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
查看创建后分区结果:
[root@centos7 ~]# blkid
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-09-11-18-50-31-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: UUID="73f1fe9a-100f-476f-80b7-1f7f0c1aa3ac" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="30f34c07-dcdc-4b4e-973f-0272d521986e" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="d1a1cc90-012f-44bf-ac99-70c8e7a6c8a5" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="f6083a27-afc0-428e-be04-68ac03fec069" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="e9bf1504-d7f5-4639-8f37-7f2f988acc39" TYPE="ext4"
- 修改/etc/fstab,添加下列信息:
/dev/sdb1 /test ext4 acl 0 0
- 创建挂载目录并挂载
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /test
[root@centos7 ~]# mount -a
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 10G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 7.5G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 1.5G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 2G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /test
[root@centos7 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: TEST
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: e9bf1504-d7f5-4639-8f37-7f2f988acc39
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl ##acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
...
四、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录
环境:
系统 | IP |
---|---|
centos7 | 192.168.100.7 |
- 添加一块硬盘
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 10G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 7.5G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 1.5G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 21G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom
- 创建两个分区,并更改系统ID为8e
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb084a4d9.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-44040191, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-44040191, default 44040191): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (20973568-44040191, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-44040191, default 44040191): +10G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 22.5 GB, 22548578304 bytes, 44040192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb084a4d9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 20973568 41945087 10485760 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 22.5 GB, 22548578304 bytes, 44040192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb084a4d9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 20973568 41945087 10485760 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
- 创建pv
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nrevbz-wVb3-U1x7-csVk-C9sa-gH3Q-Ygca3Q
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID jHgcnM-Tm3E-kDBG-fZwO-iDZ1-uc4R-Q0NNT4
- 创建vg
[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos7 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB
VG UUID 30ihFZ-kWfF-ngq5-Q2rI-K74m-vbHZ-H6ZKV6
- 创建lv
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n testlv -L 5G testvg
Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID SWpk9j-i5Uw-wN9E-zdK1-OwIt-BHX4-gQ4KQ2
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos7.localdomain, 2020-03-27 17:02:53 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 320
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
- 创建文件系统
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/testvg/testlv
meta-data=/dev/testvg/testlv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@centos7 ~]# blkid
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-09-11-18-50-31-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: UUID="73f1fe9a-100f-476f-80b7-1f7f0c1aa3ac" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="30f34c07-dcdc-4b4e-973f-0272d521986e" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="d1a1cc90-012f-44bf-ac99-70c8e7a6c8a5" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="f6083a27-afc0-428e-be04-68ac03fec069" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="jHgcnM-Tm3E-kDBG-fZwO-iDZ1-uc4R-Q0NNT4" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="nrevbz-wVb3-U1x7-csVk-C9sa-gH3Q-Ygca3Q" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: UUID="acedf98a-e685-48f2-9c8b-80d2463c8b9f" TYPE="xfs"
- 创建/users目录并挂载lv
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /users
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 10G 1.9G 8.2G 19% /
/dev/sda3 7.5G 76M 7.5G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 131M 884M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /users