创建新硬盘，定制 linux 和 busybox ，使其可启动系统，并具有网络功能

1、自定义 Linux

• 创建新硬盘，用lsblk命令可以看到设备名称为 /dev/sdb

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part /
└─sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

• 创建分区（/boot：500M，/：剩余空间）

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6922026b.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (1026048-41943039, default 1026048): 
Using default value 1026048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-41943039, default 41943039): 
Using default value 41943039
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 19.5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6922026b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         1026048    41943039    20458496   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

• 格式化分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=32000 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=128000, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
meta-data=/dev/sdb2              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1278656 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5114624, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

• 挂载 boot

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sysimage
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysimage
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sysimage/boot
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sysimage/boot

• 安装 GRUB

[root@localhost ~]# grub2-install --boot-directory=/mnt/sysimage/boot /dev/sdb
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.

• 复制 grub.cfg 文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /mnt/sysimage/boot/grub2/

• 修改 grub.cfg 文件中的 UUID （不要直接复制下面的命令，以实际的值为准）

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s/`blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sda1`/`blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sdb1`/" /mnt/sysimage/boot/grub2/grub.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s/`blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sda2`/`blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sdb2`/" /mnt/sysimage/boot/grub2/grub.cfg

• 在 grub.cfg 文件的第一个 linux 16 这行添加 init=/bin/bash，详情如下：

linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=1db7b83d-dce4-4fa4-a6e9-86fd20d1dceb ro net.ifnames=0 crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8 init=/bin/bash

• 复制内核和 initramfs 文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-* /mnt/sysimage/boot/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /boot/initramfs-* /mnt/sysimage/boot/

• 创建版本信息文件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sysimage/etc
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/system-release > /mnt/sysimage/etc/os-release

2、编译 busybox（如事先已完成，无需单独编译）

• 安装编译必须的软件

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel systemd-devel zlib-devel libmcrypt-devel glibc-static ncurses-devel

• 下载 busybox 安装包

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.31.1.tar.bz2

• 解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar xvf busybox-1.31.1.tar.bz2

• 编译

[root@localhost ~]# cd busybox-1.31.1
[root@localhost busybox-1.31.1]# make menuconfig

• 按下面选择，把 busybox 编译也静态二进制、不用共享库

Settings --> Build options --> Build static binary (no shared libs)

（1）进入后默认选中 Settings，按回车进入

（2）光标下移至”Build static binary (no shared libs) “，按空格选中

（3）按 tab 键选中"exit"按回车（退出两次），提出是否保存，选中"yes"，直接按回车保存

[root@localhost busybox-1.31.1]# make && make install

• 将编译后的文件复制到新硬盘

[root@localhost busybox-1.31.1]# cp -a _install/* /mnt/sysimage/

3、开机运行

• 配置IP，测试网络

ip link set eth0 up
ip a a 10.10.10.100/24 dev eth0
ping 10.10.10.2

• 测试应用程序（各种命令运行正常，此处不列出）