Java：为什么JSP文件要放到SpringBoot工程的src/main/webapp目录下

在使用到SpringBoot的工程中，如果要用到JSP文件，JSP文件需要放到src/main/webapp目录下，参考spring-boot-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar的源代码，看一下为什么会这样：

org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.DocumentRoot

package org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server;

import java.io.File;
import java.net.JarURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.CodeSource;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

/**
 * Manages a {@link ServletWebServerFactory} document root.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @see AbstractServletWebServerFactory
 */
class DocumentRoot {

	private static final String[] COMMON_DOC_ROOTS = { "src/main/webapp", "public", "static" };

	private final Log logger;

	private File directory;

	DocumentRoot(Log logger) {
		this.logger = logger;
	}

	public File getDirectory() {
		return this.directory;
	}

	public void setDirectory(File directory) {
		this.directory = directory;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the absolute document root when it points to a valid directory, logging a
	 * warning and returning {@code null} otherwise.
	 * @return the valid document root
	 */
	public final File getValidDirectory() {
		File file = this.directory;
		file = (file != null) ? file : getWarFileDocumentRoot();
		file = (file != null) ? file : getExplodedWarFileDocumentRoot();
		file = (file != null) ? file : getCommonDocumentRoot();
		if (file == null && this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logNoDocumentRoots();
		}
		else if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			this.logger.debug("Document root: " + file);
		}
		return file;
	}


	private File getCommonDocumentRoot() {
		for (String commonDocRoot : COMMON_DOC_ROOTS) {
			File root = new File(commonDocRoot);
			if (root.exists() && root.isDirectory()) {
				return root.getAbsoluteFile();
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

.....................
}

从以上代码可以看到，SpringBoot为ServletWebServer提供了三个根目录，用于查找JSP等资源，其中src/main/webapp就是最常用到的目录。

如果使用Tomcat作为ServletWebServer，则会将上面代码中获取到的目录作为Tomcat的documentRoot。

org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory

package org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat;

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.*;

import javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer;

import org.apache.catalina.*;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot.ResourceSetType;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet;
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader;
import org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.FixContextListener;
import org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.*;
import org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol;
import org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter;

import org.springframework.boot.web.server.*;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.AbstractServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ResourceLoaderAware;
import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
import org.springframework.util.*;


public class TomcatServletWebServerFactory extends AbstractServletWebServerFactory
		implements ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory, ResourceLoaderAware {

	private static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

	private static final Set<Class<?>> NO_CLASSES = Collections.emptySet();

	/**
	 * The class name of default protocol used.
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol";

	private File baseDirectory;

	private List<Valve> engineValves = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<Valve> contextValves = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<LifecycleListener> contextLifecycleListeners = getDefaultLifecycleListeners();

	private List<TomcatContextCustomizer> tomcatContextCustomizers = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<TomcatConnectorCustomizer> tomcatConnectorCustomizers = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<Connector> additionalTomcatConnectors = new ArrayList<>();

	private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

	private String protocol = DEFAULT_PROTOCOL;

	private Set<String> tldSkipPatterns = new LinkedHashSet<>(TldSkipPatterns.DEFAULT);

	private Charset uriEncoding = DEFAULT_CHARSET;

	private int backgroundProcessorDelay;

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} instance.
	 */
	public TomcatServletWebServerFactory() {
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} that listens for requests using
	 * the specified port.
	 * @param port the port to listen on
	 */
	public TomcatServletWebServerFactory(int port) {
		super(port);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} with the specified context path
	 * and port.
	 * @param contextPath the root context path
	 * @param port the port to listen on
	 */
	public TomcatServletWebServerFactory(String contextPath, int port) {
		super(contextPath, port);
	}

.....................

	protected void prepareContext(Host host, ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) {
		File documentRoot = getValidDocumentRoot();
		TomcatEmbeddedContext context = new TomcatEmbeddedContext();
		if (documentRoot != null) {
			context.setResources(new LoaderHidingResourceRoot(context));
		}
		context.setName(getContextPath());
		context.setDisplayName(getDisplayName());
		context.setPath(getContextPath());
		File docBase = (documentRoot != null) ? documentRoot : createTempDir("tomcat-docbase");
		context.setDocBase(docBase.getAbsolutePath());
		context.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());
		context.setParentClassLoader((this.resourceLoader != null) ? this.resourceLoader.getClassLoader()
				: ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
		resetDefaultLocaleMapping(context);
		addLocaleMappings(context);
		context.setUseRelativeRedirects(false);
		try {
			context.setCreateUploadTargets(true);
		}
		catch (NoSuchMethodError ex) {
			// Tomcat is < 8.5.39. Continue.
		}
		configureTldSkipPatterns(context);
		WebappLoader loader = new WebappLoader(context.getParentClassLoader());
		loader.setLoaderClass(TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader.class.getName());
		loader.setDelegate(true);
		context.setLoader(loader);
		if (isRegisterDefaultServlet()) {
			addDefaultServlet(context);
		}
		if (shouldRegisterJspServlet()) {
			addJspServlet(context);
			addJasperInitializer(context);
		}
		context.addLifecycleListener(new StaticResourceConfigurer(context));
		ServletContextInitializer[] initializersToUse = mergeInitializers(initializers);
		host.addChild(context);
		configureContext(context, initializersToUse);
		postProcessContext(context);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the absolute document root when it points to a valid directory, logging a
	 * warning and returning {@code null} otherwise.
	 * @return the valid document root
	 */
	protected final File getValidDocumentRoot() {
		return this.documentRoot.getValidDirectory();
	}
	
..................................

}

protected void prepareContext(Host host, ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) 方法中第一行就是获取src/main/webapp作为documentRoot。