dplyr把数据集的列转为行

前文我们学习了spread函数，用于把某个变量根据其值展开为多列；gather函数行为正好相反，用于聚合多个变量，转为行记录。

语法如下：

gather(data, key value, …)

data: 数据框名称
key: 创建变量的名称
value: 值变量(列)的名称
… : 指定哪些列需要聚合

下面举例说明：

library(tidyr)

#create data frame
df <- data.frame(player=c('A', 'B', 'C', 'D'),
                 year1=c(12, 15, 19, 19),
                 year2=c(22, 29, 18, 12))

#view data frame
# df

#   player year1 year2
# 1      A    12    22
# 2      B    15    29
# 3      C    19    18
# 4      D    19    12

使用gather()函数聚集第2、3两列：

#gather data from columns 2 and 3
gather(df, key="year", value="points", 2:3)

#   player  year points
# 1      A year1     12
# 2      B year1     15
# 3      C year1     19
# 4      D year1     19
# 5      A year2     22
# 6      B year2     29
# 7      C year2     18
# 8      D year2     12

下面再看一个示例，聚集多个列：

#create data frame
df2 <- data.frame(player=c('A', 'B', 'C', 'D'),
                  year1=c(12, 15, 19, 19),
                  year2=c(22, 29, 18, 12),
                  year3=c(17, 17, 22, 25))

#view data frame
df2
# 
#   player year1 year2 year3
# 1      A    12    22    17
# 2      B    15    29    17
# 3      C    19    18    22
# 4      D    19    12    25

library(tidyr)

#gather data from columns 2, 3, and 4
gather(df, key="year", value="points", 2:4)

#    player  year points
# 1       A year1     12
# 2       B year1     15
# 3       C year1     19
# 4       D year1     19
# 5       A year2     22
# 6       B year2     29
# 7       C year2     18
# 8       D year2     12
# 9       A year3     17
# 10      B year3     17
# 11      C year3     22
# 12      D year3     25