Codeforces 734E 树的直径

题意

传送门 Codeforces 734E Anton and Tree

题解

相同颜色的连通分量会被同时染色,故将其缩点,得到一个满足二分图性质的树。设树的直径为 d d d,在任一个节点染色,至多使树的直径减少 2 2 2,故染色数量的下界为 ⌈ d / 2 ⌉ \lceil d/2\rceil d/2。可以取到这个下界,取节点 u u u 满足 u u u 至树上任一节点距离不超过 ⌈ d / 2 ⌉ \lceil d/2\rceil d/2,那么进行 ⌈ d / 2 ⌉ \lceil d/2\rceil d/2 p a i n t ( u ) paint(u) paint(u) 即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, l, r) for (int i = l, _ = r; i < _; ++i)
#define pb push_back
typedef long long ll;
const int MAXN = 2E5 + 5;
int N, col[MAXN], cc[MAXN];
vector<int> G[MAXN], nG[MAXN];
int dp[MAXN], res;

void dfs(int u, int c, int k)
{
    cc[u] = k;
    for (auto &v : G[u])
        if (cc[v] == -1 && col[v] == c)
            dfs(v, c, k);
}

void get(int u, int p)
{
    for (auto &v : nG[u])
        if (v != p)
        {
            get(v, u);
            res = max(res, dp[u] + dp[v] + 1);
            dp[u] = max(dp[u], dp[v] + 1);
        }
}

int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
    cin >> N;
    rep(i, 0, N) cin >> col[i];
    rep(i, 1, N)
    {
        int u, v;
        cin >> u >> v;
        --u, --v;
        G[u].pb(v), G[v].pb(u);
    }
    memset(cc, -1, sizeof(cc));
    int k = 0;
    rep(i, 0, N)
    {
        if (cc[i] == -1)
            dfs(i, col[i], k++);
    }
    rep(u, 0, N) for (auto &v : G[u]) if (col[u] != col[v]) nG[cc[u]].pb(cc[v]);
    get(0, -1);
    res = (res >> 1) + (res & 1);
    cout << res << '\n';
    return 0;
}
### Codeforces 887E Problem Solution and Discussion The problem **887E - The Great Game** on Codeforces involves a strategic game between two players who take turns to perform operations under specific rules. To tackle this challenge effectively, understanding both dynamic programming (DP) techniques and bitwise manipulation is crucial. #### Dynamic Programming Approach One effective method to approach this problem utilizes DP with memoization. By defining `dp[i][j]` as the optimal result when starting from state `(i,j)` where `i` represents current position and `j` indicates some status flag related to previous moves: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = ...; // Define based on constraints int dp[MAXN][2]; // Function to calculate minimum steps using top-down DP int minSteps(int pos, bool prevMoveType) { if (pos >= N) return 0; if (dp[pos][prevMoveType] != -1) return dp[pos][prevMoveType]; int res = INT_MAX; // Try all possible next positions and update 'res' for (...) { /* Logic here */ } dp[pos][prevMoveType] = res; return res; } ``` This code snippet outlines how one might structure a solution involving recursive calls combined with caching results through an array named `dp`. #### Bitwise Operations Insight Another critical aspect lies within efficiently handling large integers via bitwise operators instead of arithmetic ones whenever applicable. This optimization can significantly reduce computation time especially given tight limits often found in competitive coding challenges like those hosted by platforms such as Codeforces[^1]. For detailed discussions about similar problems or more insights into solving strategies specifically tailored towards contest preparation, visiting forums dedicated to algorithmic contests would be beneficial. Websites associated directly with Codeforces offer rich resources including editorials written after each round which provide comprehensive explanations alongside alternative approaches taken by successful contestants during live events. --related questions-- 1. What are common pitfalls encountered while implementing dynamic programming solutions? 2. How does bit manipulation improve performance in algorithms dealing with integer values? 3. Can you recommend any online communities focused on discussing competitive programming tactics? 4. Are there particular patterns that frequently appear across different levels of difficulty within Codeforces contests?
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