Android系统APP访问硬件之JNI方式0002

一：神马是JNI，JNI是Java Native Interface的缩写，中文名字为Java本地接口语言。也正是它的存在使得Java程序可以去访问Linux内核当中的驱动程序，也由于它的存在使得Android程序具有跨平台的特点。这里是以前编写的JNI文档，记录了下来http://url.cn/45e3wjL 。

二：平台介绍

1：开发板  tiny4412  

2：实现的目标，使用Android应用程序通过JNI的方式来直接控制4412开发板上面的四个LED灯。

①：四个复选框，可分别单独控制对应的四个led等

②：一个button控件，点击第一次，四个LED全亮，点击第二次灯全灭，如此循环。

③：没操作一次界面就会提示 xxx等亮/灭

3：需要的资源    LED驱动程序即C库，Native 层即 JNI，Java类以及APP应用程序。

三：LED驱动程序的实现。

这里提供open、close以及ioctl操作，其中等的控制是使用ioctl接口来操作。

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
 
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>

//定义四个led 管脚
static int led_gpios[] = {
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(0),
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(1),
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(2),
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(3),
};

static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* 配置GPIO为输出引脚 */
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		s3c_gpio_cfgpin(led_gpios[i], S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT);
	
	return 0;
}

/* app : ioctl(fd, cmd, arg) */
static long led_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
		unsigned long arg)
{
	/* 根据传入的参数设置GPIO */
	/* cmd : 0-off, 1-on */
	/* arg : 0-3, which led */

	if ((cmd != 0) && (cmd != 1))
		return -EINVAL;
	
	if (arg > 4)
		return -EINVAL;
	
	gpio_set_value(led_gpios[arg], !cmd);
	
	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations leds_ops = {
    .owner  =   THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open   =   led_open,     
	.unlocked_ioctl	= led_ioctl,
	
};

static int major;
static struct class *cls;

int leds_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "leds", &leds_ops);

	/* 为了让系统udev,mdev给我们创建设备节点 */
	/* 创建类, 在类下创建设备 : /sys */
	cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");
	device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "leds"); /* /dev/leds */
	
	return 0;
}

void leds_exit(void)
{
	device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));
	class_destroy(cls);
	unregister_chrdev(major, "leds");
}

module_init(leds_init);
module_exit(leds_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

四：native层 即JNI的实现

#include <jni.h>  /* /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <android/log.h>  /* liblog */


 
#if 0
typedef struct {
    char *name;          /* Java里调用的函数名 */
    char *signature;    /* JNI字段描述符, 用来表示Java里调用的函数的参数和返回值类型 */
    void *fnPtr;          /* C语言实现的本地函数 */
} JNINativeMethod;
#endif

static jint fd;

jint ledOpen(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls)
{
	fd = open("/dev/leds", O_RDWR);
	__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledOpen : %d", fd);
	if (fd >= 0)
		return 0;
	else
		return -1;
}

void ledClose(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls)
{
	__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledClose ...");
	close(fd);
}


jint ledCtrl(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls, jint which, jint status)
{
	int ret = ioctl(fd, status, which);
	__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledCtrl : %d, %d, %d", which, status, ret);
	return ret;
}


static const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
	{"ledOpen", "()I", (void *)ledOpen},
	{"ledClose", "()V", (void *)ledClose},
	{"ledCtrl", "(II)I", (void *)ledCtrl},
};




/* System.loadLibrary */
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, void *reserved)
{
	JNIEnv *env;
	jclass cls;
	//获得运行时环境
	if ((*jvm)->GetEnv(jvm, (void **)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {
		return JNI_ERR; /* JNI version not supported */
	}
	//找到Java层对应的类
	cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "com/thisway/hardlibrary/HardControl");
	if (cls == NULL) {
		return JNI_ERR;
	}

	/* 2. 进行本地与Java层的映射*/
	if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0])) < 0)
		return JNI_ERR;

	return JNI_VERSION_1_4;
}

五：Java层 Java类里面定义几个本地方法，并在静态代码块里面加载C库
 System.loadLibrary("hardcontrol");
其中System.loadLibrary 的参数要对应于JNI层所生成SO文件的名称即库名

package com.thisway.hardlibrary;
public class HardControl {
    public static native int ledCtrl(int which, int status);
    public static native int ledOpen();
    public static native void ledClose();

    static {
        try {
            System.loadLibrary("hardcontrol");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

六：APP应用层

package com.thisway.app_0001_leddemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.thisway.hardlibrary.*;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private boolean ledon = false;
    private Button button = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed1 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed2 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed3 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed4 = null;

    class MyButtonListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            ledon = !ledon;
            if (ledon) {
                button.setText("ALL OFF");
                checkBoxLed1.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed2.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed3.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed4.setChecked(true);

                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(i, 1);
            }
            else {
                button.setText("ALL ON");
                checkBoxLed1.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed2.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed3.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed4.setChecked(false);

                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(i, 0);
            }
        }
    }

    public void onCheckboxClicked(View view) {
        // Is the view now checked?
        boolean checked = ((CheckBox) view).isChecked();

        // Check which checkbox was clicked
        switch(view.getId()) {
            case R.id.LED1:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED1 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(0, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED1 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(0, 0);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.LED2:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED2 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(1, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED2 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(1, 0);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.LED3:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED3 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(2, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED3 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(2, 0);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.LED4:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED4 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(3, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED4 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(3, 0);
                }
                break;
            // TODO: Veggie sandwich
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.BUTTON);

        HardControl.ledOpen();

        checkBoxLed1 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED1);
        checkBoxLed2 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED2);
        checkBoxLed3 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED3);
        checkBoxLed4 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED4);

        button.setOnClickListener(new MyButtonListener());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        int id = item.getItemId();

        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}