JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) 的规范完成于2002年7月,随后Apache Taglibs Projects在不久的几天中提交了一个参考实现。
JSTL 的出现是为了解决程序员一直渴望有一个标准的标签库的需求,同时也为开发JSP带来了很大的便利。
JSTL 1.0提供了一系列基于JSP 1.2 API的标签库,下表列举了一些标签库的信息:
如果要使用JSTL,那么需要加入如下声明段:
如果你要访问GET参数:${param.listType}
如果你要访问HTTP头信息:
访问Session或者Request内部包含对象:
JSTL 的出现是为了解决程序员一直渴望有一个标准的标签库的需求,同时也为开发JSP带来了很大的便利。
JSTL 1.0提供了一系列基于JSP 1.2 API的标签库,下表列举了一些标签库的信息:
Description | Prefix | Default URI |
---|---|---|
Core | c | http://java.sun.com/jstl/core |
XML Processing | x | http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml |
I18N & Formatting | fmt | http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt |
Database Access | sql | http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql |
如果要使用JSTL,那么需要加入如下声明段:
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %>
Expression Language (EL)表达式语言。
除了标签库之外,JSTL 1.0还定义了一个所谓的
EL用于访问运行时数据而出现,如果学过JavaScript,你会发现EL在表达上与其很类似。${myObj.myProperty}$
${myObj["myProperty"]}$
${myObj[varWithTheName]}$
以上的语句用来检索一个对象的内部值,都是等价的。如果是访问一个数组或者列表:${myList[2]}$
${myList[aVar + 1]}$
EL的支持的操作符:
Operator | Description |
---|---|
. | Access a property |
[] | Access an array/list element |
() | Group a subexpression |
+ | Addition |
- | Subtraction or negation of a number |
/ or div | Division |
% or mod | Modulo (remainder) |
== or eq | Test for equality |
!= or ne | Test for inequality |
< or lt | Test for less than |
> or gt | Test for greater than |
<= or le | Test for less than or equal |
>= or gt | Test for greater than or equal |
&& or and | Test for logical AND |
|| or or | Test for logical OR |
! or not | Unary Boolean complement |
empty | Test for empty value (null, empty string, or an empty collection) |
支持的字面量:
Literal Type | Description |
---|---|
String | Enclosed with single or double quotes. A quote of the same type within the string must be escaped with backslash: (/' in a string enclosed with single quotes; /" in a string enclosed with double quotes). The backslash character must be escaped as // in both cases. |
Integer | An optional sign (+ or -) followed by digits between 0 and 9. |
Floating Point | The same as an integer literal, except that a dot is used as the separator for the fractional part and an exponent can be specified as e or E , followed by an integer literal. |
Boolean | true or false . |
Null | null . |
支持的内建对象:
Variable | Description |
---|---|
param | A collection of all request parameters as a single string value for each parameter. |
paramValues | A collection of all request parameters as a string array value for each parameter. |
header | A collection of all request headers as a single string value for each header. |
headerValues | A collection of all request headers as a string array value for each header. |
cookie | A collection of all request cookies as a single javax.servlet.http.Cookie instance value for each cookie. |
initParams | A collection of all application init parameters as a single string value for each parameter. |
pageContext | An instance of the javax.servlet.jspPageContext class. |
pageScope | A collection of all page scope objects. |
requestScope | A collection of all request scope objects. |
sessionScope | A collection of all session scope objects. |
applicationScope | A collection of all application scope objects. |
如果你要访问GET参数:${param.listType}
如果你要访问HTTP头信息:
${header['User-Agent']}
访问Session或者Request内部包含对象:
Choose标签:${sessionScope.customer}
${requestScope.customer}
一些例子:First name: <c:out value="${customer.firstName}" />
<c:out value="First name: ${customer.firstName}" />First name: <c_rt:out value="<%= customer.getFirstName() %>" />
都是等价的。
控制流程和迭代操作也是JSTL的一个特性,个人认为迭代标签是当Java 1.5没出来之前对于Java语言的最好补充。
迭代操作使用的forEach标签:
<c:forEach items="${forecasts.rows}" var="city">
City: <c:out value="${city.name}" />
Tomorrow's high: <c:out value="${city.high}" />
Tomorrow's low: <c:out value="${city.low}" />
</c:forEach>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${param.first > 0}">
<a href="foreach.jsp?first=<c:out value="${param.first - noOfRows}"/>">
Previous Page</a>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
Previous Page
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${param.first + noOfRows < forecasts.rowsCount}">
<a href="foreach.jsp?first=<c:out value="${param.first + noOfRows}"/>">
Next Page</a>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
Next Page
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
URL操作:
这里的"/images/logo.gif"不是从网站的根目录起始,而是自动调整到所对应的context根目录,非常实用。<c:url var="previous" value="foreach.jsp">
<c:param name="first" value="${param.first - noOfRows}" />
</c:url>
特别提及的URL操作:<c:url value="/images/logo.gif" />
<a href="<c:out value="${previous}"/>">Previous Page</a>