数组的slice方法和类数组

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice

slice 方法可以用来将一个类数组（Array-like）对象/集合转换成一个数组。你只需将该方法绑定到这个对象上。下述代码中 list 函数中的 arguments 就是一个类数组对象。

function list() {
  return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
}

var list1 = list(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]

/**
* Shim for "fixing" IE's lack of support (IE < 9) for applying slice
* on host objects like NamedNodeMap, NodeList, and HTMLCollection
* (technically, since host objects have been implementation-dependent,
* at least before ES6, IE hasn't needed to work this way).
* Also works on strings, fixes IE < 9 to allow an explicit undefined
* for the 2nd argument (as in Firefox), and prevents errors when
* called on other DOM objects.
*/
(function () {
    'use strict';
    var _slice = Array.prototype.slice;

    try {
        // Can't be used with DOM elements in IE < 9
        _slice.call(document.documentElement);
    } catch (e) { // Fails in IE < 9
        // This will work for genuine arrays, array-like objects,
        // NamedNodeMap (attributes, entities, notations),
        // NodeList (e.g., getElementsByTagName), HTMLCollection (e.g., childNodes),
        // and will not fail on other DOM objects (as do DOM elements in IE < 9)
        Array.prototype.slice = function (begin, end) {
            // IE < 9 gets unhappy with an undefined end argument
            end = (typeof end !== 'undefined') ? end : this.length;

            // For native Array objects, we use the native slice function
            if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this) === '[object Array]'){
                return _slice.call(this, begin, end);
            }
           
            // For array like object we handle it ourselves.
            var i, cloned = [],
                size, len = this.length;
           
            // Handle negative value for "begin"
            var start = begin || 0;
            start = (start >= 0) ? start: len + start;
           
            // Handle negative value for "end"
            var upTo = (end) ? end : len;
            if (end < 0) {
                upTo = len + end;
            }
           
            // Actual expected size of the slice
            size = upTo - start;
           
            if (size > 0) {
                cloned = new Array(size);
                if (this.charAt) {
                    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        cloned[i] = this.charAt(start + i);
                    }
                } else {
                    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        cloned[i] = this[start + i];
                    }
                }
            }
           
            return cloned;
        };
    }
}());

网上的习题：

var slice = Array.prototype.slice; 
alert(slice.call({0: 'foo', length: 'bar'})[0]); // 当length值不能转化为有效的数字时，返回一个空数组
alert(slice.call(NaN).length); //0 
alert(slice.call({0: 'foo', length: '100'})[0]); // 返回一个长度为100的数组，第一个元素是‘foo’

var obj = {
	"2" : "a",
	"3" : "b",
    "length" : 2,
    "push" : Array.prototype.push
}   
obj.push('c');
obj.push('d');
console.log(obj);//Object {2: "c", 3: "d", length: 4, push: function}

解释：

Array.prototype.push = function(target){
	this[this.length] = target;
	this.length++;
 }

类数组：属性必须是数字索引，且必须有length属性。