赋值运算符
赋值运算符改变了对象的值。
所有的build-in operator 都返回*this;user定义的重载函数,通常也返回*this,为了保证与Build-in的行为相同。但是,用户自定义的赋值运算符重载函数可以返回任何类型。
Explanation
copy assignment,将对象B的内容Copy到对象A上(B不会改变)。对于类类型,这一操作是一个特殊的成员函数,copy assignment operator。
move assignment,将对象B的内容替换到对象A上,避免了B对象的copy(会改变B的内容)。对于类类型,这一操作也对应一个特殊的成员函数,move assignment operator。
direct assignment,对于非类类型,copy and move assignment 是难以区分的。直接称为,direct assignment。
build-in direct assignment
对于非类类型的对象,(a=b)向将b转换为a的类型,然后,再将b的内容复制到a。
braced-init-list(since c++11)
E1 = {}
E1 = {E2}
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对于scaled类型,等价于:
E1=T{} //T is the type of E1 E1=T{T2}
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对于类类型,会执行对应的assignment operator 函数,{}中的内容作为参数传入。
#include <iostream> int main() { int n = 0; // not an assignment n = 1; // direct assignment std::cout << n << ' '; n = {}; // zero-initialization, then assignment std::cout << n << ' '; n = 'a'; // integral promotion, then assignment std::cout << n << ' '; n = {'b'}; // explicit cast, then assignment std::cout << n << ' '; n = 1.0; // floating-point conversion, then assignment std::cout << n << ' '; // n = {1.0}; // compiler warning (narrowing conversion) int& r = n; // not an assignment int* p; r = 2; // assignment through reference std::cout << n << '\n'; p = &n; // direct assignment p = nullptr; // null-pointer conversion, then assignment struct {int a; std::string s;} obj; obj = {1, "abc"}; // assignment from a braced-init-list std::cout << obj.a << ':' << obj.s << '\n'; }
c++11的这一新特性,减少了对象赋值时,临时对象的创建。