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这部分内容的知识点为:
1.IO包中的其他几个类;
2.字符编码;
3.练习。
一、IO包中的其他几个类
1.对象的序列化:ObjectInputStream和ObjectOutputStream
import java.io.*;
/*
只有实现了Serializable接口的类才可以被序列化
Serializable接口没有任何方法,称为标记接口
*/
class Person implements Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 42L;
private String name;
transient int age;//在堆内存中,但是不被序列化
static String country = "cn";//静态变量不能被序列化,因为它存在于方法区中
Person(String name,int age,String country)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.country = country;
}
public String toString()
{
return name+":"+age+":"+country;
}
}
class ObjectStreamDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException
{
//writeObj();
readObj();
}
public static void readObj() throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException
{
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("obj.txt"));
Person p = (Person)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(p);
ois.close();
}
public static void writeObj() throws IOException
{
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("obj.txt"));
oos.writeObject(new Person("zhangsan2",39,"kr"));
oos.close();
}
}
2.管道流:PipedInputStream和PipedOutputStream
输入输出可以直接进行连接,通过结合线程使用。不要对这两个对象使用单线程,因为这样可能死锁线程。
import java.io.*;
class Read implements Runnable
{
private PipedInputStream in;
Read(PipedInputStream in)
{
this.in = in;
}
public void run()
{
BufferedReader bufr = null;
try
{
bufr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
//byte[] buf = new byte[10];
System.out.println("读取前。。。没有阻塞");
//int len = 0;
String line = null;
while((line=bufr.readLine())!=null)
{
//String s = new String(buf,0,len);
System.out.println(line);
}
System.out.println("读到数据。。。阻塞");
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("管道流读取失败");
}
finally
{
if(bufr!=null)
try
{
bufr.close();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("流关闭异常");
}
}
}
}
class Write implements Runnable
{
private PipedOutputStream out;
Write(PipedOutputStream out)
{
this.out = out;
}
public void run()
{
try
{
System.out.println("开始写入数据,等待6秒");
Thread.sleep(6000);
out.write("nima le ge dadada osdopao oepwoe woeiupoa".getBytes());
//out.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("管道流写入失败");
}
finally
{
try
{
out.close();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("管道输出流关闭异常");
}
}
}
}
class PipedStreamDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
PipedInputStream in = new PipedInputStream();
PipedOutputStream out = new PipedOutputStream();
in.connect(out);
Read r = new Read(in);
Write w = new Write(out);
new Thread(r).start();
new Thread(w).start();
}
}
3.RandomAccessFile
随机访问文件,自身具备读写的方法。
该类直接继承自Object,不算是IO体系中的子类,但因为读和写功能,它是IO包中成员。其内部封装了一个数组,通过指针对数组元素进行操作。
其实读写的原理就是内部封装了字节输入流和输出流。
通过构造函数可以看出,该类只能操作文件,包含模式:只读r,读写rw。
如果模式为只读r,只能去读取一个已经存在的文件,如果文件不存在,会出现异常而不会创建;如果模式为读写rw,如果要操作的文件不存在会自动创建,如果存在不会覆盖。
import java.io.*;
class RandomAccessFileDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
//writeFile();
//readFile();
//writeFile_2();
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile("ran1.txt","rw");
}
public static void readFile() throws IOException
{
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile("ran.txt","r");
//调整对象中指针
//raf.seek(8);
//跳过指定的字节数
raf.skipBytes(8);
byte[] buf = new byte[4];
raf.read(buf);
String name = new String(buf);
int age = raf.readInt();
System.out.println(name+":"+age);
raf.close();
}
public static void writeFile_2() throws IOException
{
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile("ran.txt","rw");
raf.seek(8*3);
raf.write("邹七".getBytes());
raf.writeInt(103);
raf.close();
}
public static void writeFile() throws IOException
{
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile("ran.txt","rw");
raf.write("李四".getBytes());
raf.writeInt(98);
raf.write("王五".getBytes());
raf.writeInt(93);
raf.close();
}
}
/*
用于操作基本数据类型数据的流对象
*/
import java.io.*;
class DataStreamDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
//writeData();
//readData();
//writeUTFDemo();
readUTFDemo();
}
public static void readUTFDemo() throws IOException
{
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
new FileInputStream("utfdata.txt"));
String s = dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("s::"+s);
dis.close();
}
public static void writeUTFDemo() throws IOException
{
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("utfdata.txt"));
dos.writeUTF("你好");
dos.close();
}
public static void readData() throws IOException
{
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
new FileInputStream("data.txt"));
int a = dis.readInt();
boolean b = dis.readBoolean();
double c = dis.readDouble();
System.out.println("a="+a);
System.out.println("b="+b);
System.out.println("c="+c);
}
public static void writeData() throws IOException
{
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("data.txt"));
dos.writeInt(124);
dos.writeBoolean(true);
dos.writeDouble(1234.453);
dos.close();
}
}
ByteArrayInputStream在构造的时候,需要接收数据源,而且数据源是一个字节数组。
ByteArrayOutputStream在构造的时候,不用定义数据目的,因为该对象内部已经封装了可变长度的字节数组,这就是数据目的。
因为这两个流对象操作的都是数组,没有使用系统资源,所以不用进行关闭操作。
/*
操作字节数组的流对象
*/
import java.io.*;
class ByteArrayStreamDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream("你好吗".getBytes());
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int b = 0;
while((b=bais.read())!=-1)
baos.write(b);
System.out.println(baos.size());
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//将此字节数组输出流的全部内容写入到指定的输出流中
baos.writeTo(new FileOutputStream("bytearr.txt"));
}
}
常见的编码表:
ASCII:美国标准信息交换码,用一个字节的7位表示;
ISO8859-1:拉丁码表(欧洲码表),用一个字节的8位表示;
GB2312:中国的中文编码表;
GBK:升级的中文编码表,融合更多中文字符;
Unicode:国际标准码表,融合多种文字。所有字符都用两个字节来表示,Java语言使用的就是Unicode。
UTF-8:最多用三个字节表示一个字符,可以是一个或两个字节。
1.转换流的字符编码
import java.io.*;
class EncodeStreamDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
//writeText();
readText();
}
public static void readText() throws IOException
{
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(
new FileInputStream("utf.txt"),"utf-8");
char[] arr = new char[10];
int len = isr.read(arr);
System.out.println(new String(arr,0,len));
isr.close();
}
public static void writeText() throws IOException
{
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(
new FileOutputStream("utf.txt"),"utf-8");
osw.write("你好");
osw.close();
}
}
2.字符编码
编码:字符串变成字节数组
解码:字节数组变成字符串
import java.util.*;
class EncodeDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
String s = "你好";
byte[] b1 = s.getBytes("gbk");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b1));
String s1 = new String(b1,"iso8859-1");
System.out.println("s1="+s1);
//对s1进行iso8859-1编码
byte[] b2 = s1.getBytes("iso8859-1");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b2));
String s2 = new String(b2,"gbk");
System.out.println("s2="+s2);
}
}
3.字符编码-联通
现象:在一个文本文件中仅仅输入“联通”两个字,保存之后再次打开的时候显示的是乱码。
解释:文本文件的默认编码是gbk,“联通”两个字通过gbk编码后是11000001 10101010 11001101 10101000,正好符合utf-8编码的形式,所以再次打开文本文件的时候会被误认为是utf-8编码而用utf-8解码,自然就显示乱码。
三、练习
需求:每个学生有三门课的成绩,从键盘按一定的格式输入学生的姓名和三门成绩(如zhangsan,38,89,98),计算出总成绩,并按总成绩的高低顺序把每个学生的信息存放在磁盘文件“stud.txt”中。
1.描述学生对象;
2.定义一个可操作学生对象的工具类。
思想:
1.获取键盘录入的一行数据,提取信息封装成学生对象;
2.因为要存储学生信息,所以使用集合,又因为要排序,所以用TreeSet对象;
3.将集合的信息写入文件中。
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Student implements Comparable
{
private String name;
private int mt,cn,en;
private int sum;
Student(String name,int mt,int cn,int en)
{
this.name = name;
this.mt = mt;
this.cn = cn;
this.en = en;
this.sum = mt + cn + en;
}
public String getName()
{
return this.name;
}
public int getSum()
{
return this.sum;
}
public int hashCode()
{
return this.name.hashCode()+this.sum*78;
}
public boolean equlas(Object obj)
{
if(!(obj instanceof Student))
throw new ClassCastException("类型不匹配");
Student s = (Student)obj;
return this.name.equals(s.name)&&this.sum==s.sum;
}
public String toString()
{
return "studnt["+this.name+","+this.mt+","+this.cn+","+this.en+"]";
}
public int compareTo(Student s)
{
int num = new Integer(this.sum).compareTo(new Integer(s.sum));
if(num==0)
return this.name.compareTo(s.name);
return num;
}
}
class StudentInfoTool
{
public static Set
getStudents()
{
return getStudents(null);
}
public static Set
getStudents(Comparator
cmp)
{
Set
stus = null; if(cmp==null) stus = new TreeSet
(); else stus = new TreeSet
(cmp); BufferedReader bufr = null; try { bufr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String line = null; while((line=bufr.readLine())!=null) { if("over".equals(line)) break; String[] info = line.split(","); Student s = new Student(info[0],Integer.parseInt(info[1]), Integer.parseInt(info[2]),Integer.parseInt(info[3])); stus.add(s); } return stus; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("学生信息录入失败"); } finally { if(bufr!=null) try { bufr.close(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("读取流关闭异常"); } } } public static void write2File(Set
stus) { BufferedWriter bufw = null; try { bufw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("stud.txt")); for(Student s:stus) { bufw.write(s.toString()+"\t"); bufw.write(s.getSum()+""); bufw.newLine(); bufw.flush(); } } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("学生信息写入文件失败"); } finally { if(bufw!=null) try { bufw.close(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("文件写入流关闭失败"); } } } } class StudentInfoTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Comparator
cmp = Collections.reverseOrder(); Set
stus = StudentInfoTool.getStudents(cmp); StudentInfoTool.write2File(stus); } }
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