C#: 字符串连接 (+=) 与 StringBuilder 效率分析

在 C# 或 Java 中，我们可以使用诸如 StringBuilder, StringBuffer 等方式对大量字符串进行拼接操作。当然，我们也可以直接使用 字符串连接 (+=) 的方式进行拼接操作。但是，两种主要方式在效率上有何区别呢？我们是否需要针对这两类方式进行区别场景的使用呢？针对于此，我做了如下测试，以证明两种不同方式连接字符串的效率临界值。（关于Java中StringBuilder和StringBuffer的区别，可以参阅这篇文章）

测试方法是：重复连接字符串 “Hello World!” 1次到40次，在每次连接的过程中都分别采用 String Connection (+=) 和 StringBuilder 的 Append()方法进行1000次，并分别计算出两种方法在这1000次运算过程中的获胜比率。通过多次试验，得到如下统计：

第一次：

第二次：

第三次：

多次测试结果显示，在少于8~9次字符串连接时，String Connection (+=) 的效率要略胜一筹。这个结果与 Alois Kraus 给出的测试结果基本一致。

So, 该啥时候使用 +=，想必大家可以了解了。在叠加次数已知的前提下，若少于10次，可以优先考虑 +=，否则请不要犹豫的使用StringBuilder。

* 这里需要注意的是，StringBuilder 的默认 Capacity 是 16，当然，测试结果还没到这个数值，所以不会在较大程度上受此影响。
internal const int DefaultCapacity = 16;

相关测试代码如下：
[csharp]
namespace StringEfficiencyTest
{
#region using directives

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;

#endregion using directives

internal class Program
{
private static readonly Stopwatch stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
private static readonly string resultFilePath = @"D:result.txt";

private static void Main()
{
try
{
LogFile("TimestStringConnectionWinRatetStringBuilderWinRate");
const int accuracyCorrection = 1000;

for (var innerTimes = 1; innerTimes <= 40; innerTimes++)
{
var result = CalculateOnce(innerTimes, accuracyCorrection);
Console.WriteLine("Calculate Times: {0} {1}", innerTimes, result ? string.Empty : "@@@@@@@@@@@@");
}

Console.ReadKey();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
}

// If stringConnection win return true
private static bool CalculateOnce(int times, int accuracyCorrection)
{
var stringConnectionWinCounter = 0;
var stringBuilderWinCounter = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < accuracyCorrection; i++)
{
//Console.WriteLine("Stacking fold: " + times);

stopwatch.Reset();
var stringConnectionUsedTime = StringConnectionTest(times);
//Console.WriteLine("String Connection: " + stringConnectionUsedTime);

stopwatch.Reset();
var stringBuilderUsedTime = StringBuilderTest(times);
//Console.WriteLine("String Builder: " + stringBuilderUsedTime);

if (stringConnectionUsedTime < stringBuilderUsedTime)
{
stringConnectionWinCounter++;
}

if (stringConnectionUsedTime > stringBuilderUsedTime)
{
stringBuilderWinCounter++;
}
}

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
var stringConnectionWinRate = stringConnectionWinCounter*100.0/
(stringConnectionWinCounter + stringBuilderWinCounter);
Console.WriteLine("String Connection Win Counter: {0}, rate: {1:0.0000}%.", stringConnectionWinCounter,
stringConnectionWinRate);
var stringBuilderWinRate = stringBuilderWinCounter*100.0/
(stringConnectionWinCounter + stringBuilderWinCounter);
Console.WriteLine("String Builder Win Counter: {0}, rate: {1:0.0000}%.", stringBuilderWinCounter,
stringBuilderWinRate);

Console.WriteLine("==# {0} win. #==",
stringConnectionWinRate > stringBuilderWinCounter ? "String Connection" : "String Builder");

LogFile(string.Format("{0}t{1}%t{2}%", times, stringConnectionWinRate, stringBuilderWinRate));

return stringConnectionWinCounter > stringBuilderWinCounter;
}

private static long StringConnectionTest(int times)
{
var str = string.Empty;

stopwatch.Start();

for (var i = 0; i < times; i++)
{
str += "Hello World!";
}

stopwatch.Stop();

return stopwatch.ElapsedTicks;
}

private static long StringBuilderTest(int times)
{
// internal const int DefaultCapacity = 16;
var str = new StringBuilder();
//var str = new StringBuilder(times);

stopwatch.Start();

for (var i = 0; i < times; i++)
{
str.Append("Hello World!");
}

stopwatch.Stop();

return stopwatch.ElapsedTicks;
}

private static void LogFile(string content)
{
using (var fileStream = File.Open(resultFilePath, FileMode.Append))
{
var writer = new StreamWriter(fileStream);
writer.WriteLine(content);
writer.Flush();
}
}
}
}
[/csharp]

查看原文：http://nap7.com/me/stringbuilder-and-stringconnection/