定语

 

汉语中的定语:
 在汉语中，定语常由形容词、数量词、名词、代词充当，也可有其他词或短语充当。定语用来修饰主语和宾语
 [暖和]的阳光照着[平静]的湖水
 我给大家将[一个]故事
 [今天]的报纸有看过吗?
 我们的历史有[自己]的特点
 

定语:
 定语用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词、代词
数词、介词短语、分词。
英语定语顺序:
一、多层定语从远到近的顺序一般是：
表领属关系[谁的]
表示时间、处所[什么时候、什么地方]
表指代或数量[多少]
表动词性词语、主谓语[怎么样]
表形容词性短语[怎么样]
表性质、类别或范围[什么]
The little boy needs a blue pen.[little修辞名词boy;blue修辞名词pen]
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.[who 修饰boy;which修饰pen]
They boy you will know is Tom
There are five boys who will play the game.[who修饰boy]
单词做定语时通常放在所修饰词前面，做前置定语。
短语和从句作定语是则放在所修饰词之后，所后置定语。

1、描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词
A small lovely girl,a long patient queue,a pale anxious patient.
2. 表示颜色的形容词放在表示感情和性格特征的形容词之后
A kindly black teacher,an inquisitive brown dog.
3、little/old/young有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分，所有可以直接放在名词前
a lovely little girl.
定语后置：
It was a conference fruitful of results.
He gave me a basket full of eggs.
English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master.
The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.
修饰some/any/no/every等构成的不顶代词的定语都后置
Let's go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静的地方吧。
There is nothing important in today's newspaper.
Do you have anything more to say 还有什么话要说吗
副词作定语
The people here are very friendly
They lived in the room above.
动词、名词转换而来的以-able,-ible结尾的形容词做定语
He is a person dependable
This is the only transportation means available.
强调调用的单个分词
Everybody involved should stay here
The college mentioned
who whom that先行词是人地名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green
Which /that 它所代言的先行词是事务的名词或代词，在从句中可以做主语

分词做定语
不及物动词的现在分词做定语表示强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成;
及物动词的现在分词做定语强调主动,过去分词强调被动;
分词作其他成分时,也是如此。
分词做定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置;
分词词组,个别分词如given/left等，修饰不定代词，做定语后置。