（9）21.2.4 从任务中产生返回值Callable

1. Runnable和Callable

    Runnalbe是执行工作的独立任务，但是它不返回任何值。

    Callable是一种具有类型参数的泛型，它的类型参数表示的实从方法call()中返回的值，而且必须使用ExecutorService.submit()方法调用它，在Java SE5中引入。

例子：

package   c21;

import   java.util.ArrayList;

import   java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import   java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import   java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import   java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import   java.util.concurrent.Future;

class   TaskWithResult   implements   Callable<String>{

         private   int   id   ;

         public   TaskWithResult( int   id){

               this . id   = id;

      }

         public   String call()   throws   Exception {

               return   "result of TaskWithResul "   +   id ;

      }

}

public   class   CallableDemo {

         public   static   void   main(String[] args) {

            ExecutorService exec = Executors. newCachedThreadPool();

            ArrayList<Future<String>> results =   new   ArrayList<Future<String>>();

               for ( int   i=0;i<10;i++){

                  results.add(exec.submit(   new   TaskWithResult(i)));

            }

               for (Future<String> fs : results){

                     try   {

                        System.   out .println(fs.get());

                  }   catch   (InterruptedException e) {

                        System.   out .println(e);

                  }   catch   (ExecutionException e) {

                        System.   out .println(e);

                  }   finally {

                        exec.shutdown();

                  }

            }

      }

}

/**

  *   运行结果

result   of   TaskWithResul   0

result   of   TaskWithResul   1

result   of   TaskWithResul   2

result   of   TaskWithResul   3

result   of   TaskWithResul   4

result   of   TaskWithResul   5

result   of   TaskWithResul   6

result   of   TaskWithResul   7

result   of   TaskWithResul   8

result   of   TaskWithResul   9

  */

submit()方法会产生Future对象，它用Callable返回结果的特定类型进行参数化。

用isdone()判断任务是否执行完成。