strlen, strcpy, strcmp函数的实现

在Bjarne Stroustrup(C++创始人，他的主页)所写的《The C++ Programming Language, special edition》书中的第6章6.6节的第10题练习题中，要求实现strlen, strcpy, strcmp三个函数，2011年11月份我已发过两篇文章来实现此三个函数（字符串处理函数的实现，strcmp函数的实现），以前的实现代码中，为了避免命名冲突，更改了相关函数的名称（如strlen改为strLen），本文采用命名空间来避免名称的冲突，且代码风格更加紧凑：

/*
the C++ programming language, special edition. ch6.6-5 P140

10. (*2) Write these functions:s  strlen(), which returns the length of a C-style string; stcpy(),
which copies a string into another; and stcmp(), which compares two strings. Consider what
the argument types and return types ought to be. Then compare your functions with the standard library 
versions as declared in<cstring>(<string.h>) and as specified in 20.4.1.
*/
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

namespace MJN {
  size_t strlen(const char *str);
  char *strcpy(char *dst, const char *src);
  int strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
}

//test
int main() {
  cout << MJN::strlen("hello, world") << endl; //output: 12
  cout << MJN::strlen("") << endl;             //output: 0
  //cout << MJN::strlen(0) << endl;            //error, and no exception throw.

  char dst[100];
  char *src = "hello, world";
  MJN::strcpy(dst, src);
  cout << dst << endl;                         //output: hello, world
  cout << MJN::strlen(dst) << endl;            //output: 12

  char *str1 = "hello";
  char *str2 = "helle";
  cout << MJN::strcmp(str1, str2) << endl;     //output: 10
  cout << strcmp(str1, str2) << endl;          //output: 1
  str1 = 0;
  cout << MJN::strcmp(str1, str2) << endl;     //a negative number
  //cout << strcmp(str1, str2) << endl; //error

  return 0;
}

size_t MJN::strlen(const char *str) {
  if (!str) cerr << "MJN::strlen error: pointer to string is 0\n";
  size_t len = 0;
  while (*str++) ++len;
  return len;
}

char * MJN::strcpy(char *dst, const char *src) {
  if (!dst || !src) {
    return dst;
  }
  char *dst_origin = dst;
  while (*dst++ = *src++);
  return dst_origin;
}

int MJN::strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
  if (!str1 || !str2) {
    return str1 - str2;
  }
  while (*str1 && *str2 && *str1 == *str2) {
    ++str1;
    ++str2;
  }
  return *str1 - *str2;
}

当函数参数中的字符串指针为0时，函数应该向外抛出异常（在main函数中捕获），而不是正确地返回或在函数中处理异常，在后续的版本中将会添加抛出异常的功能。

References:

The C++ Programming Language, special edition. ch6.2.5 P125

http://www.cplusplus.com/strlen

http://www.cplusplus.com/strcpy

http://www.cplusplus.com/strcmp