synchronized与Lock区别
原始构成
-
synchronized是关键字属于JVM层面
- monitorenter(底层通过monitor对象来完成,起始wait/notify等方法也依赖于monitor对象,只有在同步块和方法中才能调用wait/notify等方法)
- monitorexit
-
Lock是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.lock)是api层面的锁
使用方法
-
synchronized不需要用户去手动释放锁,当synchronized代码执行完之后,系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用
-
ReentrantLock则需要用户去主动释放锁,若没有主动释放锁,则可能导致死锁.
- 需要lock()和unlock方法配合try/finally配合使用
等待是否可中断
-
synchronized不可中断,除非抛异常或者正常运行完成
-
ReentrantLock可中断
-
设置超时方法(tryLock(long timeout,TimeUnit unit))
-
lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,用interrupt()方法可中断
-
加锁是否公平
- synchronized非公平锁
- ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁
锁绑定多个条件
- synchronized没有
- ReentrantLock用来实现分组唤醒需要唤醒的线程们,可以精确唤醒,而不是像synchronized要么随机唤醒一个线程要么全部唤醒.
用新的lock有什么好处
更灵活、更广泛、粒度更细
代码
package top.ygy.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @Description: TODO(例题)
* @author yangguangyuan
* @date 2019年6月21日
*
* 题目:多线程间按顺序调用,实现A->B->C三个线程启动,需求如下: AA打印5次,BB打印10次,CC打印15次
*
* 循环10次
*/
public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
shareResource.print5();
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
shareResource.print10();
}
}, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
shareResource.print15();
}
}, "C").start();
}
}
class ShareResource {
private int number = 1;// A:1 B:2 C:3
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
public void print5() {
try {
lock.lock();
while (number != 1) {
condition1.await();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t " + i);
}
number = 2;
condition2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print10() {
try {
lock.lock();
// 1.判断
while (number != 2) {
condition2.await();
}
// 2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t " + i);
}
// 3.通知
number = 3;
condition3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print15() {
try {
lock.lock();
while (number != 3) {
condition3.await();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
System.out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t " + i);
}
number = 1;
condition1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}