synchronized与Lock比较

synchronized与Lock区别

原始构成

• synchronized是关键字属于JVM层面

  • monitorenter(底层通过monitor对象来完成,起始wait/notify等方法也依赖于monitor对象,只有在同步块和方法中才能调用wait/notify等方法)
  • monitorexit

• Lock是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.lock)是api层面的锁

使用方法

• synchronized不需要用户去手动释放锁,当synchronized代码执行完之后,系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用

• ReentrantLock则需要用户去主动释放锁,若没有主动释放锁,则可能导致死锁.

  • 需要lock()和unlock方法配合try/finally配合使用

等待是否可中断

• synchronized不可中断,除非抛异常或者正常运行完成

• ReentrantLock可中断

  • 设置超时方法(tryLock(long timeout,TimeUnit unit))

  • lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,用interrupt()方法可中断

加锁是否公平

• synchronized非公平锁
• ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁

锁绑定多个条件

• synchronized没有
• ReentrantLock用来实现分组唤醒需要唤醒的线程们,可以精确唤醒,而不是像synchronized要么随机唤醒一个线程要么全部唤醒.

用新的lock有什么好处

更灵活、更广泛、粒度更细

代码

package top.ygy.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * @Description: TODO(例题)
 * @author yangguangyuan
 * @date 2019年6月21日
 *
 *       题目:多线程间按顺序调用,实现A->B->C三个线程启动,需求如下: AA打印5次,BB打印10次,CC打印15次
 * 
 *       循环10次
 */
public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();

		new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
				shareResource.print5();
			}
		}, "A").start();

		new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
				shareResource.print10();
			}
		}, "B").start();

		new Thread(() -> {
			for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
				shareResource.print15();
			}
		}, "C").start();
	}
}

class ShareResource {
	private int number = 1;// A:1 B:2 C:3
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
	Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
	Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();

	public void print5() {
		try {
			lock.lock();
			while (number != 1) {
				condition1.await();
			}
			for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
				System.out
						.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t " + i);
			}
			number = 2;
			condition2.signal();
		} catch (Exception e) {
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}

	public void print10() {
		try {
			lock.lock();
			// 1.判断
			while (number != 2) {
				condition2.await();
			}
			// 2.干活
			for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
				System.out
						.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t " + i);
			}
			// 3.通知
			number = 3;
			condition3.signal();
		} catch (Exception e) {
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}

	public void print15() {
		try {
			lock.lock();
			while (number != 3) {
				condition3.await();
			}
			for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
				System.out
						.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t " + i);
			}
			number = 1;
			condition1.signal();
		} catch (Exception e) {
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
}