5 给属性赋值的几种方式

        首先创建两个类，Person和Dog。为了可以被扫描到，在前面加入@Component注解。 

         Person类如下：

package jiang.com.helloworld.pojo;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private boolean happy;
    private Date birthday;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;

    public Person(String name, int age, boolean happy, Date birthday, Map<String, Object> maps, List<Object> lists) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.happy = happy;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.maps = maps;
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Person() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public boolean isHappy() {
        return happy;
    }

    public void setHappy(boolean happy) {
        this.happy = happy;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", happy=" + happy +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                '}';
    }
}

        Dog类如下：

package jiang.com.helloworld.pojo;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public Dog(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Dog() {
    }
}

        其次，在application.yaml配置文件中填入属性。

person:
  name: wangcai${random.uuid}   #wangcai与随机的字符串拼接
  age: ${random.int}
  happy: true
  birth: 1966/6/16
  maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}

  lists:
    - cats
    - dogs
    - pigs
dogs:
  name: wbq${person.hello:hello}_wangcai    #如果person.hello存在则wbq与person.hello拼接，如果不存在则与hello拼接。
  age: 3

        然后，在实体类另外加上@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "")。其中，prefix(前缀)后面对应的是配置文件中的类名，这样扫描后通过prefix才知道要用配置文件的哪个类的属性来赋值。

        Person类：

package jiang.com.helloworld.pojo;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private boolean happy;
    private Date birthday;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;

    public Person(String name, int age, boolean happy, Date birthday, Map<String, Object> maps, List<Object> lists) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.happy = happy;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.maps = maps;
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Person() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public boolean isHappy() {
        return happy;
    }

    public void setHappy(boolean happy) {
        this.happy = happy;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", happy=" + happy +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                '}';
    }
}

        Dog类：

package jiang.com.helloworld.pojo;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "dogs")
public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public Dog(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Dog() {
    }
}

        之后编写测试代码。记得在每个对象类上面加自动注入的注解@Autowired，并且只能加到定义属性的时候。注入后就自动生成了一个对象了，直接打印出来就行！

package jiang.com.helloworld;

import jiang.com.helloworld.pojo.Dog;
import jiang.com.helloworld.pojo.Person;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class HelloworldApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private Person person;
    @Autowired
    private Dog dog;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(person);
        System.out.println(dog);
    }

}

        输出结果如下：

        Person{name='wangcaicc2668d4-0a56-4adb-9ef3-a82f81428430', age=-1447258931, happy=true, birthday=null, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, lists=[cats, dogs, pigs]}
Dog{name='wbqhello_wangcai', age=3}

        注意！如果熟悉名是驼峰的方式，如myDog，则可以在配置文件中用my-dog替换。

        如创建了一个Cat类：

package jiang.com.helloworld.pojo;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "cat")
public class Cat {
    private String catName;
    private Integer catAge;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Cat{" +
                "catName='" + catName + '\'' +
                ", catAge=" + catAge +
                '}';
    }

    public String getCatName() {
        return catName;
    }

    public void setCatName(String catName) {
        this.catName = catName;
    }

    public Integer getCatAge() {
        return catAge;
    }

    public void setCatAge(Integer catAge) {
        this.catAge = catAge;
    }

    public Cat(String catName, Integer catAge) {
        this.catName = catName;
        this.catAge = catAge;
    }

    public Cat() {
    }
}

        配置文件可以写成：

cat:
  cat-name: wbq
  cat-age: 20

        测试代码：

package jiang.com.helloworld;

import jiang.com.helloworld.pojo.Cat;
import jiang.com.helloworld.pojo.Dog;
import jiang.com.helloworld.pojo.Person;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class HelloworldApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private Cat cat;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(cat);
    }
}

        测试结果：